Hancock, A History of Chile (1893), p

110. Pelusium (pe-lu's hi-um). [Gr. Πηλούσιον.] In ancient geography, a city at the northeastern extremity of the Delta, Egypt, southeast of Port Said, at the Pelusiac mouth of the Nile. It was a frontier fortre of Egypt toward Syria. Here As urban i pal defeated Rot-Amen of Egypt, and Cambyses defeated Psammetichus, the last Egyptian king (525 B. C.), reducing Egypt to a Persian province. Pelvoux (pel-vö') Range. A group of the Alps in Dauphiné, France. Mont Pelvoux is 12,970 feet in height, and the highest summit (Barre des Écrins) 13,460 feet. Pemaquid (pem'a-kwid). A maritime district in Maine, about midway between the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers. It was settled in 1625, and purchased by the Duke of York in 1664. A fort, erected at Pemaquid Point in 1692, was demolished a few years later. Pemba (pem'ba). An island off the eastern coast of Africa, about lat. 5o S. It belonged to Zanzibar, and in 1890 pa ed with Zanzibar to Great Britain. Length, about 45 miles. Population, 10,000. Pemberton (pem'ber-ton). A town in Lancashire, England, 16 miles northeast of Liverpool. Population (1891), 18,400. Popul Pemberton, John Clifford. Born at Philadel phi a, Aug. 10, 1814: died at Penllyn, Pa., July 13, 1881. A Confederate general in the Civil War. He graduated at West Point in 1837, served with distinction in the Mexican war, and entered the Confederate service at the beginning of the Civil War. He was promoted lieutenant-general in 1862; was defeated by Grant in the battles of Champion's Hill and the Big Black in May, 1863; and surrendered Vicksburg to Grant July 4, 1863. After the surrender of Vicksburg he returned on parole to Richmond, he remained until he was exchanged. He then resigned, but was reappointed as inspector of artillery, with the rank of colonel, in which capacity he served Pelopidas (pe-lop'i-das). [Gr. Πελοπίδας .] Killed at the battle of Cynoscephalæ, The aly, 364 в.с. A Theban general, leader general, leader in the liberation of Thebes from the Spartans in 379. He was the intimate friend of Epa min on das, and was closely a ociated with him in furthering the greatne of Thebes. He was commander of the Sacred Band (which see), and was especially distinguished at Tegyra (375) and Leuctra (371). Peloponnesian War (pelo-po-ne's hi an war). A war between Athens and its allies on one side and the Peloponnesian confederacy under the lead of Sparta and its allies (Bœotians, Phocians, Mega reans, etc.) on the other. It was carried on from 431 to 404 B. C. The following are the leading events and incidents: invasions of Attica by the Peloponnesians; revolt of Mytilene; capture of Sphacteria by Athens, 425; 425; battle of Delium, 424; battle of A mph i polis, 422; peace of Pembroke, Earls of. See Marshal , William, Nicias, 421; renewal of the war, 418; battle of Mantinea, and Tudor , Jasper. 418; unsucce ful A then i an expedition against Syracuse, 415-413; revolution in Athens, 411; battles of Abydus (411), Due de Malakoff. Born at Maromme, SeineInférieure, France, Nov. 6, 1794: died at Algiers, May 22, 1864. A French marshal. He served in Algeria, where he became notorious for suffocating a number of Arabs in a cavern in 1845; became commander of the French forces in the Crimea May, 1855; stormed the Malakoff Sept. 8, 1855; was amba ador in London 1858-59; and was governor-general of Algeria 1860-64. Pell (pel), John. Born at South wick, Su ex, March 1, 1611: died at London, Dec. 12, 1685. An English mathematician. In 1643 he was profe or of mathematics at Amsterdam, and in 1646 at Breda. From 1654 to 1658 he was Cromwell's agent in the Protestant cantons of Switzerland. Many of his manuscripts are preserved by the Royal Society. He wrote the "Astronomical History of Observations of Heavenly Motions and Appearances" (1634), "Ecliptic a prognostic a" (1634), "A Table of Ten You sand Square Numbers," etc. Pelle niet geography, the capi of Macedonia, situated 40° 44′ N., tant the birthplace of Alex ander the Great. Pelleas (pel'e-as). One of the knights of the Round Table, in the Arthur i an cycle of romance, Pelleas and Ettarre (e-tär'). One of the "Idylls of the King," by Tennyson. Pellegrin (pel-gran'). The pseudonym of the Baron de la Motte Fouqué. Pellegrini (pāl-yā-grēnē), Carlos. An Argentine politician, vice-president under Celman, Oct. 12, 1886, and after Celman's resignation (Aug. 6, 1890) president until the end of the term (Oct. 12, 1892). Pellegrino (pel-lā-grēnō), or Pellegrini (pell a-grēnē). See Tibaldi . Pelleprat (pel-prä'), Pierre. Born at Bordeaux, 1606: died at Puebla de los Angeles, Mexico, April 21, 1667. A French Jesuit, a mi ionary in the West Indies and Mexico. He published "Relation des mi ions des PP. de la Compagnie de Jésus dans les isles et dans la fer me de l'Amérique Méridionale" (Paris, 1635), containing an account of the West Indies and Guiana, etc. tam i (405); surrender of Athens and close of the war, 404. Demosthenes, Nicias, Alcibiades, and Conon; on the side The chief leaders on the side of Athens were Pericles, (Cleon, of Sparta, Brasidas, Gylippus, and Lysander. The result was the transfer of the hegemony in Greece from Athens to Sparta. Peloponnesus (pel"ō-po-nē'sus). [Gr. Πελοπόν νησος , the island of Pelops.] The ancient name of the peninsula forming the southern portion of Greece: the modern Morea. It is connected with central Greece by the Isthmus of Corinth, and separated from it by the gulfs of Lepanto and Patras on the north, and is bounded by the Ægean Sea on the east and the Mediterranean on the south and west. The surface is mountainous. The chief divisions were Achaia, Sicyonia, Corinthia, Argolis, Arcadia, Laconia, Me enia, and Elis. The chief rivers were the Eurotas and Alpheus. Length, about 160 miles. Area, 8,288 square miles. until the end of the war. Pembroke (pem'bruk). 1. The southwesternmost county of Wales. It is bounded by Cardigan Bay on the north, Cardigan and Car mar then on the east, Bristol Channel on the south, and St. George's Channel on the west. The surface is undulating. It contains anthracite coal. Area, 617 square miles. Population (1891), 89, 133. 2. A town in Pembrokes hire, situated on an inlet of Milford Haven, in lat. 51° 40′ N., long. 4° 54′ W. Its ruined castle (the birthplace of Henry VII., founded in the 11th century and taken by Cromwell in 1648) and Monkton Priory are notable. Population (1891), 14,978. Pembroke, Counte of. See Sidney , Mary . Pembroke, Third Earl of (William Herbert). Born at Will on, England, April 8, 1580: died at Baynard's Castle, London, April 10, 1630. An English poet. Before the death of his father he had formed an illicit connection with Mary Fitton, a favorite of the queen, for which he was imprisoned in the Fleet in 1601, and though soon released was banished from the court. Mary Fitton is thought by some to be the "Dark Lady" of Shakspere's sounets. He and his brother Philip are "the incomparable pair of bretheren" to whom Shak spere's 1623 folio is dedicated, and William Herbert is thought by some to be the "W. H." styled in the pub- lisher's dedication of Shakspere's sonnets "the onlie be- getter of these insving sonnets Mr. W. H." When James I. ascended the throne, Pembroke returned to court, and received many public offices and tokens of favor. He was chancellor of Oxford 1617-30. Several of his poems were edited in 1660 by Donne. Pembroke College. A college of Cambridge University, founded by the Counte of Pem- Pelops (pe'lops). [Gr. Πέλοψ.] In Greek lebroke the rulings gend, a son of Tantalus, and grandson of Zeus: king of Pisa in Elis. He was the father of Atreus and Thyestes. Pelorum. See Faro , Capo del. Pelotas (pā-lō'täs). A city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on the river São Gonçalo, which connects the Lagoa Mirim with the Lagoa dos Patos. It is the center of the important cattle trade of the state, and prepares large quantities of jerked beef. The trade with Uruguay is considerable. Population, about 30,000. Pelouze (pė-löz'), Théophile Jules. Born at Valognes, Manche, France, 1807: died at Paris, May 31, 1867. A French chemist, profe or succe ively at Lille, at the polytechnic school at Paris, and at the Collège de France. He also filled various positions connected with the mint. He published, with Fremy, "Traité de chimie générale," etc. Pelucones (pā-lö-kō'nās). Originally, a nickname given to the conservative party of Chile soon after the country became independent (see the extract): it soon became the common name, and has been retained ever since. The Pelucones were of this period many conce ions were made to the liberals; they again took charge of the government (with greatly power from 1830 to 1876, though during the latter part The chapel was by Wren 1663-65. Pembroke College. A college of Oxford Uni the costs Tho mas Tesdale, in 1624: named from the Earl of Pembroke, chancellor of the university at the time. Pemigewa et (pem"i-je-wos'et). A river in New Hampshire which unites with the Winnepesaukee at Franklin to form the Merrimac. Length, about 70 miles. Peña, Luis Saenz. See Saenz Peña . Peña Blanca (pān'yä blän kä). [Sp., 'white rock.] A settlement 27 miles southwest of Santa Fé, between the Indian villages of Cochiti and Santo Domingo, on the banks of the Rio Grande. It dates from the 18th century. Penafiel (pā-nä-fe-al'). A town in the district of Oporto, Portugal, 19 miles northeast of Oporto. Population (1878), 4,488. Peñafiel (pan-yä-fe-al'). A town in the province of Valladolid, Spain, near the Duero 32 miles east of Valladolid. Population (1887), 4.286. Penang (pe-nang'), or Pinang (pi-nang'), or Pulo-Penang (pöʻlo-pe-nang'): called officially Prince of Wales Island. An island belonging to Great Britain, situated west of the Malay Peninsula in lat. 5o 24′ N., long. 100° 20′ E. Capital, George town. The surface is low and hilly. It was acquired by the British in 1785. Area, 107 square miles. Population (1891), including the Wellesley Province (opposite) and the Dinding Isle, 235,618. Penarth (pē'närth). A seaport and bathing- place in Glam organs hire, South Wales, situ ated at the mouth of the Taff, opposite Car- diff. Population (1891), 12,422. Penates (pē-nā tēz). [L., from pen us , the inner- most part of a temple or sanctuary.] In Roman antiquity, the household gods, who presided over families, and were worshiped in the inte- rior of every dwelling. They included the Lares (which see). Peña y Peña (pān'yä ē pān'yä), Manuel de la. Born at Tacuba, March 10, 1789: died at Mexico, Jan. 2, 1850. A Mexican jurist and statesman. He was judge of the supreme court from 1824, and later its president; twice held cabinet positions Pend let on Act. An act of Congre (approved Jan. 16, 1883) regulating the civil service of the United States: so called from its promoter, Sen- at or George H. Pend let on of Ohio. Alagoas, Brazil, situated on the São Francisco, 185 miles southwest of Pernambuco. Popula- tion, about 9,000. Penelope (pē-nel'ō-pē). [Gr. Πηνελόπη.] In Greek legend, the wife of Ody eus and mother of Tele mach us, famous as a model of the do- mestic virtues. See Ody eus and Ody ey . Peneus (pe-ne'us), or Peneius (pe-nē'yus). [Gr. Πηνειός.] In ancient geography: ( a ) The prin- cipal river in Elis, Greece: the modern Gastuni. It falls into the Ionian Sea. Length, about 50 miles. (b) The principal river in The aly, Greece: the modern Salembria. It traverses the Vale of Tempe and flows into the Gulf of Saloniki 26 miles northeast of Lari a. Length, about 130 miles. Pen hallow (pen-hol'ō), Samuel. Born in Corn- wall, England, July 2, 1665: died at Ports- mouth, N. H., Dec. 2, 1726. An American his- tori an. He wrote "History of the Wars of New Eng- land with the Eastern Indians" (1726), etc. Penig (pā'nig). A town in the kingdom of Sax- ony, situated on the Zwickauer Mulde 32 miles southeast of Leipsic. Population (1890), 6,559. Penikese (pen-i-kes'). A small island, one of the Elizabeth Islands, situated in Buzzard's Bay, Ma achusetts. It was the seat of a summer school of natural history connected with Harvard College, founded by John Anderson in 1873. Peninsula (pē-nin'su-lä), The. In history, spe- cifically: ( a ) The Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal). See Peninsular War . (b) The pen in- sula in eastern Virginia formed by the York and James rivers. See Peninsular Campaign . Peninsular Campaign. The campaign of the Federal Army of the Potomac under McClellan, March to August, 1862, for the capture of Rich- mond by way of the peninsula between the York and James rivers. Chief events and incidents: siege and evacuation of York town; battles of Williams burg, Hanover Court House, and Fair Oaks; Seven Days' Battles; McClellan's "change of base." The Army of the Potomac was finally withdrawn from the Peninsula in Aug., 1862. Peninsular State. A name sometimes given to Florida. quary. He attended Queen's and Oriel colleges, Oxford, but did not take a degree. His works include "British Zoology" (1765-77), "Synopsis of Quadrupeds" (1771: later "History of Quadrupeds"), "Tour in Scotland" (1771-75), "Tour in Wales" (1778-83), "Arctic Zoology" (1785-87) and "Account of London" (1790). He wrote much on the archæology of Great Britain. Penne (pen'ne), Cività di. A town in the province of Teramo, Abruzzi, Italy, 18 miles south-southeast of Teramo: the ancient Pinna. It was the capital of the Vestini. Pennell (pen'el), Joseph. Born at Philadel- phi a, 1860. An American etcher and illustrator. Penni (pen'nē), Gianfrancesco, surnamed Il Fattore. Born at Florence about 1488: died at Naples about 1528. An Italian painter, disciple and journeyman (fattore) of Raphael. He a isted his master in many of his frescos, and painted most of the "Cartoons" from his designs. Pennine (pen'in) Alps. [L. Alpes Pennini or Penini ; perhaps from Celtic pen , head, peak.] An important division of the central Alps. It Simplon Pa , and the Rhone is the northern boundary. They are noted for glaciers, long transverse valleys, and high peaks. The highest point is Monte Rosa (over 15,000 feet). Another famous peak is the Matter horn. Pennine Chain. A chain of low mountains in England, extending from the Cheviot Hills southward to Derby shire. Highest summits, in Cumber land, over 3,000 feet. Penning ton (pen'ing-ton), William. Born at Newark, N. J., May 4, 1796: died there, Feb. 16, 1862. An American politician, son of W. S. Penning ton. He was Whig governor of New Jersey 1837-43; Republican member of Congre from New Jersey 1859-61; and speaker 1860-61. Peninsular War. The military operations car- ried on in Portugal, Spain, and southern France Pensil van i a ; named orig. Sylva- by the British, Spanish, and Portuguese forces (largely under Wellington) against the French from 1808 to 1814. The French were driven out of the Peninsula. Pen march (pan-märk'). A decayed seaport in the department of Finistère, France, 17 miles southwest of Quimper. Penn (pen), Granville. Born at Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 1761: died in England, Sept. 28, 1844. An English scholar, grandson of William Penn. Penn, John. Born in England about 1729: prietary lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania 1763-71, and governor 1773-75. Penn, Richard. Born in England, 1736: died in England, 1811. A grandson of William Penn: lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania 1771-73. Penn, Thomas. Born in England, 1702: died in England, 1775. A younger son of William Penn, and one of the proprietors of Pennsyl- vania. Penn, Sir William. Born 1621: died Sept. 16, 1670. An English admiral. He became admiral in 1653; commanded the fleet in the expedition which cap- tured Jamaica in 1655; was knighted in 1660; and com- manded, under the Duke of York, the fleet which defeated the Dutch in 1665. Penn, William. Born at London, Oct. 14, 1644: died at Ruscombe, Berks, England, July 30, 1718. An English Friend, founder of Pennsyl- vania. He was the son of Admiral Sir William Penn; was educated at Oxford; and became a preacher of the Friends in 1668, being several times arrested under the Conventicle Act. He became part proprietor of West Jer- sey in 1675; received the grant of Pennsylvania in 1681; and in 1682 went out in person to America, founded Phila- delphia, and made a treaty with the Indians. He returned to England in 1684. Having been suspected of intriguing to restore James II., he was in 1692 deprived of the gov- ernment of Pennsylvania, which was, however, restored to him in 1694. He visited Pennsylvania again 1699-1701. He wrote various religious and controversial works, a collec- tive edition of which appeared in 1726 under the title "A departments in Washington among the States and Terri- tories in proportion to their population; and for the apeast of Chieti. point ment of a Civil-Service Commi ion of three members, political party, and other officers, to put these provisions ployés for political purposes by any one in the service of the United States, or in any public building, and probibits Congre men from making recommendations for be filled under the act, except as to the character or res i. dence. Apple tons' Annual Cyclopædia , 1884, Penna (pen'na), Punta dell a. A promontory in the province of Chieti, Italy, 32 miles south- Penna cook (pen'a-kük), or Pawtucket (på- tuk'et). A confederacy of North American In- dians which formerly occupied the valley of the Merrimac river and the adjacent region in New Hampshire, northeastern Ma achusetts, and southern Maine. They were allies of the French. Their leading tribe, from which the confederacy was named, was the Penna cook, whose village was at Concord, New Hampshire. Another tribe was Pawtucket, which name Pennsylvania Avenue. The principal avenue of Washington. Its most important section lies between the Capitol and the Treasury. Pennsylvania College. An institution of learn- ing at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: founded in 1832. It is under Luther an control. Penn Yan (pen yan'). A village, capital of Yates County, New York, situated at the foot of Crooked (or Keuka) Lake 45 miles southeast of Rochester. Population (1890), 4,254. Penny backer (pen'i-bak-er), Isaac Samuals. Born in Shenandoah County, Va., Sept. 12, 1807: died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 12, 1847. An five great powers of Europe-Austria, France, Peoria Lake. An expansion of the Illinois River Great Britain, Pru ia, and Ru ia. For about near Peoria. half a century after the Congre of Vienna (1814-15) they Peparethos (pep-a-re'thos). [Gr. Πεπάρηθος .] were of nearly equal strength, each of them far superior In ancient geography, an island in the Ægean IMG:content-0787.png:[blocks in formation] Penrith (pen'rith). A town in Cumber land, England, 17 miles south-southeast of Car lisle. It has a ruined castle. Population (1891), 8,981. Pen ruddock (pen-rud'ok). A character in Cumber land's "Wheel of Fortune." Pen ruddock's Rebellion. An unsucce ful rising in behalf of Charles II. in 1655: so called from its leader, Colonel Pen ruddock, who was captured and executed. Penry (pen'ri), John. Born in Brecknockshire, IMG:content-0788.png:[blocks in formation] to any other European nation. 2. In recent Italian politics, a parliamentary group under the leadership of the five politi Cairoli, Crispi, Zanardelli, Nicotera, and Bac car in i. Pent a teuch (pen'ta-tük). [From Gr. πέντε , five, and τεύχος , an implement, a book.] The first five books of the Old Testament regarded as a connected group. They are Genesis, Exodus, Leviti. cus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. They record the creation, the diffusion of peoples, the formation of the Hebrew nation, and its history through its sojourn in the wilderne . Opinions regarding the authorship of these books differ greatly. Some scholars believe that they, with the Joshua, and their contemporaries; others hold that they book of Joshua, were written substantially by Moses, were compiled at a much later period (in part about the 7th century B. c., or even in post-exilic times). Pentaur. An Egyptian priest and poet of the time of Rameses II. His heroic poem on the deeds of the great king in the battle of Kadesh has been preserved and translated. Pepe (pā'pe), Flor est a no. Born at Squill ace, Italy, 1780: died at Naples, April 3, 1851. A Neapolitan general. He served in 1806 under Joseph Bonaparte, whom he accompanied to Spain. He became brigadier-general in 1811, served in the Ru ian campaign in 1812, and fought as lieutenant-general under Murat Wales, 1559: hanged at London, in South wark, Pen telic us (pen-tel'i-kus), or Brile us (britapol the other the Bologna and Ferrara, thus May 29, 1593. An English Brown ist, suspected les'us). [Gr. Πεντελικὸν ὄρος, Βριλησσός.] A Ma Ma English Brownistustenien mountain in Attica, Greece, about 12 miles see). Although he was responsible for their publication, marble. Height, 3,641 feet. northeast of Athens. It was famous for its he denied he actually wrote them. Pen the a (pen-theä). The principal female character in Ford's "Broken Heart." Penryn (pen-rin'). [Corn., 'headland.'] A seaport in Cornwall, England, adjoining Falmouth. It exports granite. Population (1891), 3,256. Pen the sile a (pen the-si-lē'ä). [Gr. Πενθεσί