Hancock, A History of Chile (1893), p

110. Pelusium (pe-lū'shi-um). [Gr. Πηλούσιον .] In ancient geography, a city at the northeastern extremity of the Delta, Egypt, southeast of Port Said, at the Pelusiac mouth of the Nile. It was ⚫a frontier fortre of Egypt toward Syria. Here As urban i pal defeated Rot-Amen of Egypt, and Cambyses defeated Psammetichus, the last Egyptian king (525 B. c.), reducing Egypt to a Persian province. Pelvoux (pel-vö') Range. A group of the Alps in Dauphiné, France. Mont Pelvoux is 12,970 feet in height, and the highest summit (Barre des Écrins) 13,460 feet. in Maine, about midway between the Kennebec Pemaquid (pem'a-kwid). A maritime district and Penobscot rivers. It was settled in 1625, and purchased by the Duke of York in 1664. A fort, erected at Pemaquid Point in 1692, was demolished a few years later. Pemba (pem'bä). An island off the eastern coast of Africa, about lat. 5o S. It belonged to Zan zibar, and in 1890 pa ed with Zanzibar to Great Britain. Length, about 45 miles. Population, 10,000. Pemberton (pem'ber-ton). A town in Lancashire, England, 16 miles northeast of Liverpool. Population (1891), 18,400. Pemberton, John Clifford. Born at Philadelphia, Aug. 10, 1814: died at Penllyn, Pa., July 13, 1881. A Confederate general in the Civil War. He graduated at West Point in 1837, served with distinction in the Mexican war, and entered the Confederate service at the beginning of the Civil War. He was promoted lieutenant-general in 1862; was defeated by Grant in the battles of Champion's Hill and the Big Black in May, 1863; and surrendered Vicksburg to Grant July 4, 1863. After the surrender of Vicksburg he returned on parole to Richmond, he remained he was He then resigned, but was reappointed as inspector of artillery, with the rank of colonel, in which capacity he served until the end of the war. Pembroke (pem'bruk). 1. The southwesternmost county of Wales. It is bounded by Cardigan Bay on the north, Cardigan and Car mar then on the east. Bristol Channel on the south, and St. George's Channel on the west. The surface is undulating. It contains anthra cite coal. Area, 617 square miles. Population (1891), 89,133. 2. Atown in Pembrokes hire, situated on an inlet of Milford Haven, in lat. 51° 40′ N., long. 4° 54′ W. Its ruined castle (the birthplace of Henry VII., founded in the 11th century and taken by Cromwell in 1648) and Monkton Priory are notable. Population (1891), 14,978. Pembroke, Counte of. See Sidney , Mary . Pembroke, Earls of. See Marshal , William , and Tudor , Jasper . Pembroke, Third Earl of (William Herbert). Born at Will on, England, April 8,1580: died at Baynard's Castle, London, April 10, 1630. An English poet. Before the death of his father he had formed an illicit connection with Mary Fitton, a favorite of the queen, for which he was imprisoned in the Fleet in 1601, and though soon released was banished from the court. Mary Fitton is thought by some to be the "Dark Lady" of Shakspere's sonnets. He and his brother Philip are "the incomparable pair of bretheren" to whom Shak spere's 1623 folio is dedicated, and William Herbert is thought by some to be the "W. H." styled in the publisher's dedication of Shakspere's sonnets "the onlie begetter of these insving sonnets Mr. W. H." When James I. ascended the throne, Pembroke returned to court, and received many public offices and tokens of favor. He was chancellor of Oxford 1617-30. Several of his poems were edited in 1660 by Donne. Pembroke College. A college of Cambridge University, founded by the Counte of Pembroke in 1347. The present buildings are modern. The chapel was built by Wren in 1663-65. Pembroke College. A college of Oxford Uni versity, founded by James I., at the costs Thomas Tesdale, in 1624: named from the Earl of Pembroke, chancellor of the university at the time. Pemigewa et (pem"i-je-wos'et). A river in New Hampshire which unites with the Winnepesaukee at Franklin to form the Merrimac. Length, about 70 miles. Peña, Luis Saenz. See Saenz Peña . Peña Blanca (pān'yä blänkä). [Sp., 'white rock.] A settlement 27 miles southwest of Santa Fé, between the Indian villages of Cochiti and Santo Domingo, on the banks of the Rio Grande. It dates from the 18th century. Penafiel (pā-nä-fe-al'). A town in the district of Oporto, Portugal, 19 miles northeast of Oporto. Population (1878), 4,488. Peñafiel (pān-yä-fe-al'). A town in the province of Valladolid, Spain, near the Duero 32 miles east of Valladolid. Population (1887), 4,286. Penang (pe-nang'), or Pinang (pi-nang'), or Pulo-Penang (pö'lo-pe-nang'): called officially Prince of Wales Island. An island belonging Penang to Great Britain, situated west of the Malay Peninsula in lat. 5o 24′ N., long. 100° 20′ E. Capital, George town. The surface is low and hilly. It was acquired by the British in 1785. Area, 107 square miles. Population (1891), including the Wellesley Province (opposite) and the Dinding Isle, 235,618. Penarth (pe'närth). A seaport and bathing place in Glam organs hire, South Wales, situ ated at the mouth of the Taff, opposite Car diff. Population (1891), 12,422. Penates (pē-nā tēz). [L., from pen us , the innermost part of a temple or sanctuary.] In Roman antiquity, the household gods, who presided over families, and were worshiped in the interior of every dwelling. They included the Lares (which see). Peña y Peña (pān'yä ē pān'yä), Manuel de la. Born at Tacuba, March 10, 1789: died at Mexico, Jan. 2, 1850. A Mexican jurist and statesman. He was judge of the supreme court from 1824, and later its president; twice held cabinet positions (1837 and 1845); and was senator 1843-47. From Sept. 27 to Nov. 9, 1847, and again from Jan. 8 to June 3, 1848, he was provisional president of Mexico. During the latter period the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed (Feb. 2, 1848), ending the war with the United States. Pencos (pān'kōs), or Pencones (pān-kō'nās). A name given by early historians of Chile to the Araucanian Indians who occupied the region north of the Biobio. They were the first of this race encountered by the Spaniards. They called themselves Picunches, 'northern men.' Penda (pen'da). Killed 655. King of Mercia 626-655. He defeated Edwin in 633, and Oswald at Maser field in 642, and was defeated by Oswy at Winwoed in Pend d'Oreille (pend dō-rēl'; F. pron. pon dō 655. He was a champion of paganism. ra, Lake. F., earringar ornament A lake in northern Idaho, about lat. 48° N., an expansion of Clarke's River. Pende (pen'de), or Tupende (tö-pen'de). A Bantu tribe of the Kongo State, between the Loange and Ka ai rivers. They are descendants of fugitives from Kasanji (Ca ange) mixed with other tribes, but have preserved none of the semi-civilization of Pen dennis (pen-den'is). A novel by Thacke. ray, published in 1850: from of one of its leading characters, Arthur Pen dennis, a poet and dandy. Major Pen dennis, his uncle, is a worldly and courageous old dandy, a finished portrait of a gentlemanly tuft-hunter. Pendideh (penj'de). A place in central Asia, situated on the Murghab, north of Herat, about lat. 36° N. Near it (on the Kushk), March 30, 1885, the Ru ians under Komaroff defeated the Afghans. Since then it has been in the po e ion of Ru ia. Pend let on (pen'dl-ton). A town in Lancashire, England, 24 miles northwest of Manchester. Population (1891), 23,866. Pend let on, Edmund. Born in Caroline County, Va., Sept. 9, 1721: died at Richmond, Va., Oct. 23, 1803. An American statesman, a prominent member of the Virginia House of Burge es. He was a member of the Continental Congre in 1774; president of the Virginia convention; and author (1776) of the resolutions instructing the Virginia delegates to Congre to propose a Declaration of Independence. Pend let on, George Hunt. Born at Cincinnati, July 25, 1825: died at Bru els, Nov. 24, 1889. An American politician. He was a Democratic congre man from Ohio 1857-65; Democratic candidate for Vice-President 1864; and United States senator from Ohio 1879-85. He was leading advocate of the civil-service reform act of 1883. From 1885-88 he was United States min ister to Germany. Pend let on, William Nelson. Born at Richmond, Va., Dec. 26, 1809: died at Lexington, Va., Jan. 15, 1883. A Confederate general in the Army of Northern Virginia. He graduated at West Point in 1830; resigned from the army in 1833; was ordained priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1838; established an Episcopal high school at Alexandria, Virginia, in 1839; and joined the Confederate army as captain of artillery in 1861, being promoted brigadier-general in 1862. Pend let on Act. An act of Congre (approved Jan. 16, 1883) regulating the civil service of the United States: so called from its promoter, Senator George H. Pend let on of Ohio. It provides for open competitive examinations for admi ion to the public service in Washington, and in all customhouses and post-offices where the official force is as many as fifty; for the apportionment of the appointments in the Alagoas, Brazil, situated on the São Francisco, 185 miles southwest of Pernambuco. Population, about 9,000. Penelope (pē-nel'ō-pē). [Gr. Πηνελόπη.] In Greek legend, the wife of Ody eus and mother of Tele mach us, famous as a model of the do mestic virtues. See Ody eus and Ody ey. Peneus (pe-nē'us), or Peneius(pe-nē'yus). [Gr. Πηνειός .] In ancient geography: ( a ) The principal river in Elis, Greece: the modern Gastuni. It falls into the Ionian Sea. Length, about 50 miles. (b) The principal river in The aly, Greece: the modern Salembria. It traverses the Vale of Tempe and flows into the Gulf of Saloniki 26 miles northeast of Lari a. Length, about 130 miles. Pen hallow (pen-hol'ō), Samuel. Born in Cornwall, England, July 2, 1665: died at Portsmouth, N. H., Dec. 2, 1726. An American historian. He wrote "History of the Wars of New England with the Eastern Indians" (1726), etc. Penig (pa'nig). A town in the kingdom of Saxony, situated on the Zwickauer Mulde 32 miles southeast of Leipsic. Population (1890), 6,559. Penikese (pen-i-kēs'). A small island, one of the Elizabeth Islands, situated in Buzzard's Bay, Ma achusetts. It was the seat of a summer school of natural history connected with Harvard College, founded by John Anderson in 1873. Peninsula (pē-nin'sū-lä), The. In history, specifically: ( a ) The Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal). See Peninsular War . (b) The peninsula in eastern Virginia formed by the York and James rivers. See Peninsular Campaign . Peninsular Campaign. The campaign of the Federal Army of the Potomac under McClellan, March to August, 1862, for the capture of Richmond by way of the peninsula between the York and James rivers. Chief events siege and evacuation of York town; battles of Will incidents; Hanover Court House, and Fair Oaks; Seven Days' Battles; McClellan's "change of base." The Army of the Potomac was finally withdrawn from the Peninsula in Aug., 1862. Peninsular State. A name sometimes given to Florida. Peninsular War. The military operations carried on in Portugal, Spain, and southern France by the British, Spanish, and Portuguese forces (largely under Wellington) against the French from 1808 to 1814. The French were driven out of the Peninsula. Pen march (pan-märk'). A decayed seaport in the department of Finistère, France, 17 miles southwest of Quimper. Penn (pen), Granville. Born at Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 1761: died in England, Sept. 28, 1844. An English scholar, grandson of William Penn. Penn, John. Born in England about 1729: died 1795. A grandson of William Penn: proprietary lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania 1763-71, and governor 1773-75. Penn, Richard. Born in England, 1736: died in England, 1811. A grandson of William Penn: lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania 1771–73. Penn, Thomas. Born in England, 1702: died in England, 1775. A younger son of William Penn, and one of the proprietors of Pennsylvania. Penn, Sir William. Born 1621: died Sept. 16, 1670. An English admiral. He became admiral in 1653; commanded the fleet in the expedition which captured Jamaica in 1655; was knighted in 1660; and commanded, under the Duke of York, the fleet which defeated the Dutch in 1665. Penn, William. Born at London, Oct. 14, 1644: died at Ruscombe, Berks, England, July 30, 1718. An English Friend, founder of Pennsylvania. He was the son of Admiral Sir William Penn; was educated at Oxford; and became a preacher of the Friends in 1668, being several times arrested under the Conventicle Act. He became part proprietor of West Jersey in 1675; received the grant of Pennsylvania in 1681; and in 1682 went out in person to America, founded Philadelphia, and made a treaty with the Indians. He returned to England in 1684. Having been suspected of intriguing to restore James II., he was in 1692 deprived of the gov. ernment of Pennsylvania, which was, however, restored to him in 1694. He visited Pennsylvania again 1699-1701. He wrote various religious and controversial works, a collective edition of which appeared in 1726 under the title "A Collection of the Works of William Penn, to which is prefixed a Journal of his Life, etc." ployés for political purposes by any one in the service of the United States, or in any public building, and probibits be filled under the act, except as to the character or res i. dence. Apple tons' Annual Cyclopædia , 1884. Penna (pen'nä), Punta dell a. A promontory in the province of Chieti, Italy, 32 miles south Penna cook (pen'a-kük), or Pawtucket (pâtuk'et). A confederacy of North American Indians which formerly occupied the valley of the Merrimac river and the adjacent region in New Hampshire, northeastern Ma achusetts, and southern Maine. They were allies of the French. Their leading tribe, from which the confederacy was named, was the Penna cook, whose village was at Concord, New Hampshire. Another tribe was Pawtucket, which name Penny backer was given to the confederacy by some writers. Others were Agawam, Amoskeag, and Nashua. They became friendly to the English until the treacherous conduct of the latter in 1676 drove them from their country. Some remain at St. Francis in Quebec. The name is translated 'nut place' and 'crooked place.' See Algonquian . Pennant (pen'ant), Thomas. Born at Downing, Flints hire, Wales, June 14, 1726: died there, Dec. 16, 1798. A British naturalist and anti quary. He attended Queen's and Oriel colleges, Oxford, but did not take a degree. His works include "British Zoology" (1765-77), "Synopsis of Quadrupeds" (1771: later "History of Quadrupeds"), "Tour in Scotland" (1771-75), "Tour in Wales" (1778-83), "Arctic Zoology" (1785-87), and "Account of London" (1790). He wrote much on the archæology of Great Britain. Penne (pen'ne), Cività di. A town in the province of Teramo, Abruzzi, Italy, 18 miles south-southeast of Teramo: the ancient Pinna. It was the capital of the Vestini. Pennell (pen'el), Joseph. Born at Philadelphia, 1860. An American etcher and illustrator. Penni (pen'nē), Gianfrancesco, surnamed Il Fattore. Born at Florence about 1488: died at Naples about 1528. An Italian painter, disciple and journeyman (fattore) of Raphael. He a isted his master in many of his frescos, and painted most of the "Cartoons" from his designs. Pennine (pen'in) Alps. [L. Alpes Pennini or Penini ; perhaps from Celtic pen , head, peak.] An important division of the central Alps. It extends from the Great St. Bernard Pa eastward to the Simplon Pa , and the Rhone is the northern boundary. They are noted for glaciers, long transverse valleys, and high peaks. The highest point is Monte Rosa (over 15,000 feet). Another famous peak is the Matter horn. Pennine Chain. A chain of low mountains in England, extending from the Cheviot Hills southward to Derby shire. Highest summits, in Cumber land, over 3,000 feet. Penning ton (pen'ing-ton), William. Born at Newark, N. J., May 4, 1796: died there, Feb. 16, 1862. An American politician, son of W. S. Penning ton. He was Whig governor of New Jersey 1837-43; Republican member of Congre from New Jersey 1859-61; and speaker 1860-61. Pennsylvania (pen-sil-va'ni-a). (Formerly also Penn silvan i a , Pensil van i a ; named orig. Sylva nia , forest country, to which Penn , the name of the founder, was afterward prefixed.] One the North Atlantic States of the United States of America, extending from lat. 42° 15′ to 39° 43′ (Mason and Dixon's line) N., and from long. 74° 40' to 80° 34′ W. Capital, Harris burg; chief city, Philadelphia. It is bounded by Lake Erie and New York by the Delaware) on the east, Delaware, Maryland, and West north, New York and New Jersey (separated from both Virginia on the south, and Ohio and West Virginia on the west. It is traversed from northeast to southwest by parallel low ranges of the Alleghanies, including the Blue, Kittatinny, Tuscarora, Alleghany, Laurel, and Chestnut mountains, and is watered chiefly by the Ohio, Susquehan na, and Delaware. It is one of the chief States in the mining of coal and iron, containing bituminous coal-fields in the west, and anthracite fields in the east (the Schuylkill, Lehigh, and Wyoming regions It is the first State in iron manufactures, the third in the production of petroleum, and the second in manufactures. Rye, tobacco, wheat, hay, maize, and butter rank among the leading products; and the manufactures, besides iron and steel, deal with woolen, cotton, lumber, leather, oil, gla , etc. Pennsylvania is called the "Keystone State." It has 67 counties, sends 2 senators and 32 representatives to Congre , and has 34 electoral votes. A colony of Swedes settled in this region in 1638, and a grant of territory was made by Charles II. to William Penn in 1681. Philadelphia was colonized by Penn in 1682. The province was further colonized by English (largely Quakers), Germans, Dutch, Scots, Irish, and French Huguenots, and continued under the proprietary governorship of the Penn family until the Revolution. A boundary dispute with Maryland was settled by the establishment of Mason and Dixon's line in 1767. Pennsylvania was one of the thirteen original States (1776). It was the scene of the battles of Brandy wine and German town in 1777, of Valley Forge camp in 1777-78, and of the "Whisky rebellion" in 1794; was invaded by the Con federates in 1863-64; and was the scene of the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Riots occurred at Pittsburg and elsewhere in 1877 and 1892 Area, 45,215 square miles. Population (1900), 6,302,115. Pennsylvania, University of. An institution of learning situated at Philadelphia. It origi nated in an academy founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1751, and became a university in 1779. It contains departments of arts, sciences, medicine, and law, and has about 260 instructors and 2,850 students. Pennsylvania Avenue. The principal avenue of Washington. Its most important section lies between the Capitol and the Treasury. Pennsylvania College. An institution of learning at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: founded in 1832. It is under Luther an control. Penn Yan (pen yan'). A village, capital of Yates County, New York, situated at the foot of Crooked (or Keuka) Lake 45 miles southeast of Rochester. Population (1900), 4,650. Penny backer (pen'i-bak-ér), Isaac Samuals. Born in Shenandoah County, Va., Sept. 12, 1807: died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 12, 1847. An IMG:content-0896.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0897.png:[ocr errors][ocr errors] captured and executed. Penry Pen (pen'ri), John. Born in Brecknockshire, Wales, 1559: hanged at London, in South wark, May 29, 1593. An English Brown ist, suspected IMG:content-0898.png:[blocks in formation] 2. In recent Italian politics, a parliamentary group under the leadership of the five politi- Bac car in i. Pent a teuch (pen'ta-tūk). [From Gr. πέντε , five, and τεῦχος , an implement, a book.] The first five books of the Old Testament regarded as a connected group. They are Genesis, Exodus, Leviti. cus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. They record the crea- tion, the diffusion of peoples, the formation of the Hebrew nation, and its history through its sojourn in the wilder ne . Opinions regarding the authorship of these books differ greatly. Some scholars believe that they, with the Joshua, and their contemporaries; others hold that they book of Joshua, were written substantially by Moses, were compiled at a much later period (in part about the 7th century B. C., or even in post-exilic times). Pentaur. An Egyptian priest and poet of the time of Rameses II. His heroic poem on the deeds of the great king in the battle of Kadesh has been pre- served and translated. Pepe (pa'pe), Flor est a no. Born at Squill ace, Italy, 1780: died at Naples, April 3, 1851. A Neapolitan general. He served in 1806 under Joseph Bonaparte, whom he accompanied to Spain. He became brigadier-general in 1811, served in the Ru ian campaign in 1812, and fought as lieutenant-general under Murat Pepin (pep ́in; F.pron.pā-pań′), surnamed "The Short." [F. Pépin le Bref .] Died 768. King of the Franks, son of Charles Martel. He became ma- jor dom us of Neustria on the death of his father in 741, his brother Karlman becoming major dom us of Austrasia. The latter abdicated in his favor in 747, and with the Pope's sanction he a umed the title of king in 751. He a isted the Pope against Aistulf, king of the Lombards, 754-755, and granted the Pope the exarchate of Ravenna, the Pen- mountain in Attica, Greece, about 12 miles les'us). [Gr. Πεντελικὸν ὄρος, Βριλησσός.] A the foundation of the Papal States marble. Height, 3,641 feet. northeast of Athens. It was famous for its Pen the a (pen-theä). The principal female character in Ford's Broken Heart." IMG:content-0899.png:[blocks in formation] United States in 1821. Near it is a United States navy- yard: this was seized by the Confederates in Jan., 1861, and regained in 1862. Population (1900), 17,747. Pensacola Bay. A landlocked inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, on the northwestern coast of Florida. Length, about 30 miles. Pensées sur la Religion. [F., Thoughts on Re- ligion.'] A philosophical and theological work by Blaise Pascal (published 1670: edited by Faugère 1844, by Havet 1881). λεια.] In Greek legend, a queen of the Ama- zons who aided the Trojans against the Greeks. She was slain by Achilles. Pen the us (pen'thus). [Gr. Πενθεύς .] In Greek legend, a king of Thebes who was torn to pieces by his mother Agave and other mænads while attempting to stop a Bacchic festival. Penthièvre (pon-tyā'vr). An ancient territory county in the middle ages. Pentland Firth (pent land fèrth). A sea pas- sage between the Orkney Islands and the county of Caithne , Scotland. Width, 6 to 8 miles. Pentland Hills. A range of hills in the coun- ties of Edinburgh, Peebles, and Lanark, Scot- land. Highest summits, about 1,900 feet. Pentweazel (pent'wē-zl), Lady. A charac- ter in Foote's comedy "Taste," a kind of Mrs. Malaprop, vain of her lost charms. Penza (pen'zä). 1. A government in eastern Ru ia, bounded by the governments of Nijni- Novgorod, Simbirsk, Saratoff, and Tamboff. The surface is undulating. The chief occupation is agri- culture. Area, 14,997 square miles. Population (1890), 1,596,500. 2. The capital of the government of Penza, situated at the junction of the Penza with the Sura, about lat. 53° 10' N., long. 45° 3′ E. Population (1890), 47,701. Penzacola. See Pensacola . Penzance (pen-zans'). [Corn. Pensans , holy head, from pen , head, and sans , later zanz , holy (from L. sanctus , holy).] A seaport in Cornwall, England, situated on Mounts Bay 21 miles west of Falmouth. It is the westernmost town in England, a watering-place and health-resort. It has considerable trade, and large mackerel and pilchard-fisheries. It was the birthplace of Sir Humphry Davy. Population (1891), 12,448 . Penzance, Baron. See Wilde , James Plaisted. Penzing (pent's ing). A western suburb of Pen tamer on (pen-tam'e-ron), The. A work by Landor, published in 1837. It is principally a dis- Vienna. cu ion between Petrarch and Boccaccio on the literature People's Palace. An institution in East Lon- don, on Mile End Road, intended for the "rec- material advancement, of the vast artisan pop- reation and amusement, the intellectual and ulation of the East End." People's Party, or Populists (pop'ū-lists). In United States politics, a party formed in 1891, in which were merged the Farmers' Alliance and other kindred organizations. It developed considerable strength in various Southern and Western States, and in 1892 nominated James B. Weaver for Presi- Pentapolis (pen-tap'o-lis). [Gr. Πεντάπολις, five cities.] A state consisting of five cities, or a group of five cities: used, in ancient geography, of a variety of groups. (1) In Cyrenaica, Africa, a dis- trict comprising Cyrene, A poll on i a, Barca, Arsinoë, and Berenice (or Hesperides), with their neighboring terri- tories. (2) In Palestine, the cities of Sodom, Gomorrah, Peoria. See Illinois . 1896 they accepted the Democratic nominee for President, W. J. Bryan, but nominated their own candidate, Thomas E. Watson, for the vice-presidency. Among their aims are an increase of the circulating medium, free coinage of silver, free trade, an income tax, suppre ion of mo- no polies, etc. city, capital of Peoria County, Illinois, situated Peoria (pe-o'ri-ä). [From the Indian name.] A on the Illinois River, at the foot of Peoria Lake, 62 miles north of Springfield. It is a flourishing commercial, manufacturing, and railway center, having an extensive trade in grain. A trading-post was estab- Pepper (pep'er), Tom. An imaginary charac- ter in sailors' legends, said to have been kicked out of heaven for lying. Pepper, William. Born at Philadelphia, Aug. 21, 1843: died at Pleasant on, Cal., July 28, 1898. An American physician and scientist. provost of the University of Pennsylvania 1881-94. land about 1700, and in 1710 was instrumental in the organ- ization of the Academy of Ancient Music. He composed a number of masks, and wrote the overture and arranged the airs for Gay's "Beggar's Opera" and "Polly," and for "The Wedding," another ballad-opera. He left also a good deal of music for string and wind instruments, and pub- lished anonymously a treatise on harmony. Pepys (pēps or pips or pep'is), Charles Chris- topher, first Earl Cottenham. Born at London, April 29, 1781: died in Italy, April 29, 1851. An English jurist, lord chancellor 1836-41 and 1846- Pepysian Library Pepysian (pē'pis-i-an) Library. The library of Samuel Pepys (containing the cipher MS. of his "Diary"), bequeathed by him to Magdalene College, Cambridge. It is in a separate building, which was approaching completion about the time Pepys determined to bequeath his collection either to Magdalene or to Trinity, and in which (in the former case) he wished it to be deposited. The library came into the po e ion of the college on the death of his nephew, Mr. Jackson, in 1724. Pequot (pē'kwot). [Pl., also Pequots . The name is translated 'destroyers' or 'ravagers.'] A former tribe of North American Indians, the most dreaded of all in southern New England. Historically they formed one tribe with the Mohegan who seceded under Uncas from Sa acus, the great Pequotchief. Their first known territory was a narrow strip of coast in Connecticut from Niantic River to the Rhode Island boun dary; but Sa acus controlled all the tribes of Connecticut east of the river of that name and westward to near New Haven, and nearly all Long Island. Their greatest strength was about 3,000, but has been estimated as much greater. In 1637 the English colonists surprised their principal fort, on the Mystic River, and slaughtered six hundred. The survivors of the tribe fled in scattered bands, some reach ing tribes with whom they became amalgamated. Also Pequod . See Algonquian . Pequot War. A war between the Pequot Indians of Connecticut and the settlers, 1636-38. The Pequot were nearly exterminated after their defeat by the colonists under Mason in 1637. Pera (pā'rä). A northern quarter of Constantinople. It is situated on the opposite side of the Golden Horn, and is inhabited chiefly by Europe ans. corresponding to the Peræa (pe-re'ä). [Gr. Περαία , from πέραν , beyond.] In ancient geography: ( a ) A vague region east of the Jordan, corresponding earlier Gilead and sometimes including Bashan. ( b ) A maritime district on the coast of Caria, Asia Minor, opposite Rhodes. Perak (pā-räk'). A native state on the western side of the Malay peninsula, about lat. 4°-54° N. It is under British protection. The chief product is tin. Area, 10,000 square miles. Population (1891), 214,254. Peralta (pā-rältä), Gaston de. Born, probably in Navarre, about 1510: died at Valladolid, 1580. A Spanish nobleman, marquis of Peralta. He was viceroy of Mexico, Oct., 1566, to Oct., 1567. Owing to a dispute with the audience, he was deposed by the king, and soon after sent to Spain, where he justified his course and was made constable of Navarre. Peralta Barnuevo (bär-nö-ā'vō), Pedro de. Born at Lima, 1663: died there, 1743. A Peru vian mathematician and author. He was several times rector of the University of San Marcos, and from 1708 was official cosmographer. His numerous writings include poetry, history, law, and mathematics. It is said that his published and manuscript works exceed 60 in number. Among the best-known are "Lima fundada," an epic of the conquest of Peru, in 10 cantos (Lima, 1732); and a history of the viceroyalty of the Marquis of Castell-fuerte. Also written Peralta y Barnuevo . Perce forest (per-se-for'est), or Perce forêt (persfō-rā'). A medieval French historical romance. The second romance concerning events preceding the reign of Arthur, to which I alluded, and which exhibits a different set of heroes from the tales of the Round Table, is Perce forest, which comprehends the fabulous history of Britain previous to the reign of Arthur. It is the longest and best-known romance of the cla to which it belongs, and is the work which St. Palaye and similar writers have chiefly selected for illustrations and proofs of the manners of the times, and institutions of chivalry.