Dvorak

(dvér’-shak), Antonin, Miihlhausen, Bohemia, Sept. 8, 1841— Prague, May 1, 1904; one of the most eminent Bohemian composers; son of an inn-keeper, who wished him to be a butcher, but he learned the vln. from the schoolmaster, and at 16 entered the Prague Org.-Sch. under - Pitzsch, earning a livelihood as violinist in a small orchestra; graduated in 1862, became vla.-player at the Nat. Theatre. He was 33 before an important comp. was prod., a hymn for male chorus and orch., which attracted such attention that 1875 he received a government stipend and devoted himself to composition. 1891 Mus. Doc. Cambridge Univ.; 1892-95 dir. Nat. Cons., New York; later lived at Prague; 1901, director of the Prague Cons; 1902, prod. opera ‘‘Armida,” Pilsen Nat. Th. He was a disciple of nationalism in music, and provoked much controversy by advising American composers to found their school on the harmonic and melodic elements of plantation-music. In his highly sth symphony, op. 95, “From the New World,” he made some use of such a manner. other comp. are: Bohemian operas “The King and the Charcoal- Burner” (Prague, 1874); ‘‘Wanda” (1876); “Selma Sedlék” (1878); “‘Turde Palice”’ (1881); ‘‘Dimitrije”’ (1882); “The Jacobins” (1889); ‘‘Rusalka, the Water Nixie’? (Nat. Th. Prague, tgo1); ‘‘Armida’’ (1904); oratorio “St. Ludmila” (Leeds Mus. Fest., 1886); Requiem Ma , op. 89, with orch. (Birmingham Fest., 1891); cantatas ‘“‘The Spectre’: Bride,” op. 69, with orch. (Birmingham Fest., 1885), and “The American Flag” (N. Y., 1895); Hymn of the Bohemian Peasants, for mixed ch.; hymn for mixed ch. and orch.; ‘‘Stabat Mater”? with orch. (London, 1883); Psalm 149 with orch.; 5 symphonies; 3 orchestral ballades, ‘“‘Der Wa ermann,” ‘Die Muttagshexe,’? “Das goldene Spinnrad”’; 2 sets of symphonic variations for orch.; overtures, ‘‘Mein Heim,” ‘* Hustiska,” “In der Natur,” ‘‘Othello,” ‘‘Carneval’’; concertos for ’cello, pf., vin.; “Slavische Ténze,’ and ‘‘Slavische Rhapsodien”; scherzo cappriccioso for orch.; string-sextet; 2 string quintets; pf.-quintet; 6 string-quartets; 2 pf.-quartets; a string-trio; 2 pf.-trios; mazurek for vln. with orch., serenade for wind with ’cello double-ba ; string-orch.; pf. music, ‘‘Legenden,” “‘Dumka” (Elegy), ‘‘Furiante” (Boh. natl. dances); “‘Klange aus Mahren,”. and ‘‘Silhouetien” for pf. 4-hands; violin-sonata, op. 57; songs, etc. Dwight, J. Sullivan, Boston, Ma ., 1813—1893; editor and critic; one of the founders of the Harvard Musical A ociation; a member’ the Brook Farm Community; 185281, edited ‘“Dwighi’s Journal of Music.” Dykema (di’-ké-mi), Peter W., b, Grand Rapids, Mich., Nov. 25, 1873, educator; studied N. Y. and Berlin, with Arens, Frank Shephard and at Inst. of Music. Art; dir. of music, Ethical Culture School, N. Y., 1901-13; prof. of music, Univ. of patron; in 1919 made gift of $3,500,‘coo Wis., 1913-24; thereafter, prof. of music. education, Teachers College, Columbia Univ., author of ‘‘School Music, as part of the Univ. of Rochester, and the next year added another million, the permanent endowment fund being about three upon-Hull, Eng., 1823—St. ard’s, 1876; conductor. become an active centre of music, with the Eastman Theatre, Philh. Orch., and other enterprises incl. annual fests. of American deriving their impetus from his Music Handbook” (with Cundiff), and ed. song series., Dykes (Rev.), J. Bacchus, Kingston- Dy’son, Sir George, b. Halifax, England, May 28, 1883; composer and educator; pupil of R. Coll. of Mus., where won Mendel ohn Stipend; dir. of music at R. Naval Coll., Marl borough Coll., and Wellington Coll.; 1918, Mus. D., Oxford; has c. orch. and choral music; author of “The New Music.” Dir., R. C. M., 1938; knighted, 1940. I. Biographical Dictionary of Musicians — E e