Ferguson, PATRICK

1744-1780. Scottish officer, inventor of the breech-loading rifle, patented 1776; killed at King's Mountain, S. C. He spared Washington's life at the Brandy wine 1777. Saccharomyces cerevisiæ, or Yeast-plant, as developed during the proce of fermentation: a, b, c, d, succe ive stages of cell-multiplication. only change the constitution of the substances they act on but undergo the changes involved in a imilation and disa imilation, called Growth. Increase in cell bulk ultimately causes cell-division (cell reproduction) and a multiplication of the microscopic particles composing the ferment. Such a result is seen in the brewer's vat, on whose surface or bottom there collects a considerable quantity of yeast, all derived from the small amount added to the malt or sweet wort. Yeasts and moulds as a rule produce alcohol as a by-product of fermentation, while bacteria produce toxic substances called Ptomains, which have numerous specific properties that can affect the nerve cells of an animal. See FERMENTATION, DISEASE GERMS, and SACCHAROMYCETES.