COMMENTARY

(Derived from the Latin verb comm in is cor, I call to mind.) In Literature, a word used in different significations:— 1.,In the same sense with memoirs,asa short narrative of particular events and occurrences, composed by an actor or spectator of those events with the profe ed object of calling back the circumstances tohis own mind; e. g. the Commentaries of C»sar. 2. Critical observations on the text or contents of a book. These are either in the form of detached notes, containing remarks on particular pa ages; or they are embodied in what is termed a running commentary, or series of remarks written and printed in a connected form. COMMERCE (from commutatio mercium), is the exchange of one sort of produce or service for some other sort of produce or service. Exchanges of this description have their rise in the nature of man and the circumstances under which he is placed, and their origin is coeval with the formation of society. The varying powers and dispositions of different individuals dispose them to engage in preference in particular occupations; and in the end every one finds it for his advantage to confine himself wholly or principally to some one employment, and to barter or exchange such portions of his produce as exceed his own demand, for such portions of the peculiar produce of others as he is desirous to obtain and they are disposed to part with. The division and combination of employments is carried to some extsnt in the rudest societies, and it is carried to a very great extent in those that are most improved; but to whatever extent it may be carried, commerce must be iqually advanced. The division of employments could not exist without commerce, nor commerce without the division of employments: they mutually act and react upon each other. Every new subdivision of employments occannot be cas ions a greater extended extension without of contributing commerce to; "and the better the latter division and combination of the former. In rude societies, the principal busine of commerce, or the exchange of one sort of commodities for some other sort, is carried on by those who produce them. Individuals having more of any article than is required for their i)wn use endeavour to find out others in want of it, and who 256 III. Account of the Real or Declared Value of the various Articles dom exported to Foreign Countries in 1828, and during each Value, the Countries to which exported, and the Value of Countries to widen exported. 1832. 1828. 1S30. | 1831. h. 1 L. Ru ia 1.318,936L. 1,489,538 1,191,565 1,587,250 Sweden 42,699 40,488 57,127 Norway 53,582 63,926 Denmark - 111,880 118,813 58,58092,294 Pru ia 179,145 177,923 192,816 5,068,997 Germany - 4,394,104 4,463,605 3,042,952 Holland •? 2,142,736 2.082,530 Belgium 2,022,458 2,7S9,398 France 498,938 475,884 002,688 Portugal, Proper 945,016 1,106,69523.029 975.99141,638 Azores Madeira 27,940 38,960 • 301,15389,809 607,068 597,84S Spain & Balearic Islands Canary Islands - 38,152 42,020 33,283 Gibraiiar - 1,038,925 292,760 367,285 Italy and Italian Islands 2,176.149 3,251,379189,135 2,490,376 2,361,772 Malta • 239.458 134,519 Ionian Islands - 41,078 56,903 50,883 Turkey and Continental Greece (exclusive of the Morea) - 1S5,842 1,139,616 888,654 Morea ifc Greek Islands 335 10,446 Egypt (Ports on the 9,694 Mediterranean) 35,302 110,227 122,832 Tripoli, Barbary, and Morocco Western Coast of Africa 191.45213,745 252,1231,138 234.768426 Cape of Good Hope • 218,049 330,036 257,245 Cape Verd Islands 215 St. Helena 38.9151,710 Isle of Bourbon 31,3625,856 39,431 35,1S8 10;042 Mauritius - 185,972 161,029 148,475 Arabia East India Company's Territories & Ceylon 4,250,582 3,895,530 3,377,412 3,514,779 Sumatra and Java 189,200300 102,102 285,296 Phil lip pine Islands • 71,220 39,513 New South Wales, VanDiemen'3 Land, and Swan River - 443,839 314,677 398,471 New Zealand, and South Sea islands Ports of Siam - 2,487 10,4671,396 4,752 British North American Colonies 1,691,044 1,857,133 2,089,327 2.075,725 British West Indies - 3,289,704 2,838,448 Hayti 248,328 321,793 2,581,949376,103 2,439,808 Cuba and other Foreign West Indies - 569.728 618T029 663.531 U. States of America - 5,810,315 6,132,346 5,468,272 Mexico 307,029 978,441 9,053,583728,858 Guatemala Colombia - 261,1136,191 216,751 ^ 248.250 Brazil States of the Rio de la 3,518,297 2,452,103 1,238,371 2,144,903 Plata 312,389 632,172 651,617339,870 Chili.... 709,371 540.626 Pero.... 374,615 368,469 409,003 Isles of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, & Man 329,428 344,036 324,634 Totals - 37,104.372130,450,594 36,812.756'.3S,271,597 262 [s. 270]