There is no extant MS

of this poem earlier than one at Long leat of about 1550. If the poem be Chaucer's, it is in work leave authenticity in question. a late copy, with corruptions of the text, and was an early Morley , Eng. Writers, V. 166. Chaucer Society, The. A society founded by Mr. Furnivall in 1867 for the purpose of furnishing to scholars material (manuscripts, early texts, etc.) relating to Chaucer which was not acce ible to the public, and of facilitating collation. Chauci (ka'sī). [L. (Pliny) Chauci , Gr. (Strabo) Χαϊκοι .] A German tribe, first mentioned by Strabo, in the region along the Sea, both sides of the Weser from the Ems to the Elbe. Pliny divides them into "greater" and "le er." They were brought by Drusus and Tiberius into subjection to the Romans. The name disappears early in the 5th century. They were ultimately merged in the Saxons. Chaudes-Aigues (shōd-zag'). A watering fensive alliance against Napoleon I., concluded here between Austria, Great Britain, Pru ia, and Ru ia, March 9, 1814. Chauncy, or Chauncey (chän'si or chân'si), Charles. Born in Hertfordshire, England, 1592: died Feb. 19, 1672. The second president of Harvard College. After having held a profe orate first of Hebrew, then of Greek, in the University of Cambridge, he became vicar of Ware in 1627. He emigrated to New England in 1638, became a pastor in Scituate, Ma achusetts, about 1641, and president of Harvard College in 1654. Chauncey, Isaac. Born at Black Rock, Conn., Feb. 20, 1772: died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 27, 1840. An American naval officer. He served under Commodores Preble and Rodgers in the war with Tripoli 1804-05, became captain in 1806, and was placed in command of the naval forces on the northern lakes (except Cham plain) in 1812. He carried General Dear born's army to York (Toronto) in April, 1813, and in October defeated an English fleet of seven ve els, capturing five, on Lake Ontario. Chauny (shō-ne'). A manufacturing town in the department of Aisne, France, situated on the Oise 18 miles west of Laon. There are noted gla manufactures at St. Gobain, in the neighborhood. Population (1891), commune, 9,315. Chau ard (shō-sär'), Pierre Jean Baptiste. Born at Paris, Oct. 8, 1766: died at Paris, Jan. 9, 1823. A French poet and miscellaneous writer. He took an active part in the French Revolution, whose theories he advocated in the public prints under the pen-name of Publicola. Chautauqua (sha-ta' kwa). A village and summer resort situated on Chautauqua Lake, in western New York: noted as the seat, since 1874, of the Chautauqua A embly (religious, educational, and social). Chautauqua Lake. A lake in western New York, 8 miles from Lake Erie. Its outlet, Cone Cheap side wan go Creek, empties into Alleghany River. Length, 18 miles. Height above sea-level, 1,290 feet. Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. An a ociation for the purpose of promoting home reading and study, founded in 1878 by Bishop John H. Vincent of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It was an outgrowth of the Chantauqua summer a emblies. Its organ is "The Chautauquan." Chauveau (shō-võ'), Pierre Joseph Olivier. Born at Quebec, May 30, 1820: died there, April 4, 1890. A Canadian politician and man of letters, premier of Quebec 1867-73. He is the author of a novel, "Charles Guerin" (1853), etc. Chauveau-Lagarde (shō-võ'lä-gärd'), Claude François de. Born at Chart res, France, Jan. 21, 1756: died at Paris, Feb. 28, 1841. A French advocate, noted as the defender of Miranda, Marie Antoinette, Charlotte Corday, and Bri ot. Chauvenet (sho-ve-na'), William. Born at Milford, Pa., May 24, 1819: died at St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 13, 1870. An American mathematician, profe or in the United States Naval Academy 1845-59. Chaux-de-Fonds (shō-de-fon'), La. A town in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, situated in a valley of the Jura 10 miles northwest of Neuchâtel. It has manufactures of watches and clocks. Population (1888), 25,835. Chavantes (shä-vän'tes). An Indian tribe of Brazil, occupying most of the northern part of the state of Goyaz, between the rivers To can tins and Araguaya. They were formerly very pow. erful, and are still numerous, having several large villages. Very savage and warlike, they have only recently admitted some intercourse with the whites: for years they were the terror of the neighboring settlements and of travelers. These Indians are generally cla ed with the Crens or Botocudo stock, believed to be the most ancient in Brazil. Chaves (shä'ves). A town in the province of Traz-os-Mont Traz-os-Montes, Portugal, in lat. 41° 45' Ν., long. 7° 33′ W.: the Roman Aquæ Flavie. It contains hot saline springs. Population (1878), 6,524. Chaves (chä'ves), Francisco de. A Spanish knight who went to America and was with Pizarro in the conquest of Peru (1532-33). He was one of those who protested against the death of Atahualpa, Subsequently he became one of Pizarro's most trusted captains, and about 1539 was sent to settle Conchucas. He was a a inated with Pizarro at Lima, June 26, 1541. Chaves (shä'ves), Marquis de (Manoel de Silveira Pinto de Fonseca, Count of Amarante). Born at Villa real in Portugal: died at Lisbon, March 7, 1830. A Portuguese general and absolutist politician (1823-28). Chaves (chä'ves), Nufio de. Born at Truxillo, Estremadura, about 1510: died in the Gran Chaco, 1568. A Spanish soldier. He went with Cabeza de Vaca to Paraguay, marching overland from the Brazilian coast to As unci on, 1541-42; took part in the deposition of Cabeza de Vaca; and thereafter was a leading and very turbulent spirit in the affairs of Paraguay. Chazars (chä'zärz), or Khazars, Kingdom of the. A Turanian power in southern Ru ia in the first half of the middle ages. It extended at its greatest expansion from the Caspian and lower Volga westward to the Dnieper. It was at its height in the 9th century. For a time the kings of this people profe ed Judaism, their subjects following them. It is thought by some that the modern Jews of southern Ru ia are their descendants. Chazelles (shä-zel'), Jean Mathieu de. Born at Lyons, France, July 24, 1657: died at Paris, Jan. 16, 1710. A French mathematician, astronomer, and chartographer, profe or of hydrography at Marseilles. Cheadle (che'dl). A town in Cheshire, England, 5 miles south of Manchester. Population (1891), 8,252 . Cheap side (chēp's id). [ME. chepe , market.] The central, east-and-west thoroughfare of the City of London, originally a large open common in the course of Watling street where the markets and public a emblies were held. Different kinds of wares were sold separately, and the names were perpetuated in the streets which were built up where the old booths had stood. In the middle ages Chepe was the great street of the retail trade. It was built with the finest houses in the city, and well supplied with churches, the principal one being St. Mary le Bow, so called from its great vault or bow, on the south side. On the south side also was the stone gallery from which royalty reviewed the tournaments which were held here. There were two cro es in Chepe: the principal one was erected by Edward I. to mark the resting-place of his queen, Eleanor of Castile. (See Charing Cro .) The highway ran through the more southern portion of the marketplace, and became known as Cheap side. Before the fire in 1660 it was twice as wide as the present street, and was lined with houses five stories high, each story projecting over the one below, and with high gables. Cheap side is 59 feet above tide-water. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names IMG:content-0287.png:[blocks in formation] Chekiang (che-kyäng'). A maritime prov- ince of China, lying between Kiangsu on the north, the China Sea on the east, Fukien on the south, and Anhwei and Kiangsi on the west. Capital, Hang-chow-fu; treaty port, Ningpo. The chief foreign export is silk. Area, 39,150 square miles. Population, 11,588,692. Chelamela (chel-a-me'lä). A former division or band of the Kalapooian stock of North Amer- ican Indians, probably on Long Tom creek, Oregon. Also La - malle , and Long Tom Indians . See Kalapooian . Chelard (she-lär'), Hippolyte André Jean Baptiste. Born at Paris, Feb. 1, 1789: died at Weimar, Germany, Feb. 12, 1861. A French composer, author of the operas "Macbeth" (1827: text by Rouget de Lisle), "Hermanns- schlacht" (1835), etc. Chéliff, or Chélif. See Sheliff . Chelius (chā'lē-ös), Maximilian Joseph von. Born at Mannheim, Baden, Jan. 16, 1794: died at Heidelberg, Baden, Aug. 17, 1876. A noted German surgeon. He wrote "Handbuch der Chelles (shel), Jean de. A French architect and sculptor. He constructed in 1257 the south- ern portal of Notre Dame de Paris as it exists Chelmsford (chemz'ford). The capital of Es- sex, England, situated on the Chelmer 28 miles northeast of London. Population (1891), 11,008. Chelmsford, Baron. See Thesiger . Chelouels. See Nachi . Chelsea (chel'si). [Formerly Chelsey , Chelchith , ME. Chelchith , AS. Celchith , also, as the name of another place, Cealchyth , lit. 'Chalk port.'] A suburb of London, situated north of the Thames, 3 miles southwest of St. Paul's. It has been the residence of many celebrated people, including Eliot, and Carlyle. It contains the Chelsea Hospital for invalid soldiers, designed by Wren, built 1682-90. Popu- lati on (1891), 96,272. Chelsea. A city in Suffolk County, Ma achu- setts, 3 miles northeast of Boston, separated from Charles town by the Mystic River. It has manufactures of tiles, pottery, etc. It was settled as Win- nisimmet in 1630, was separated from Boston in 1738, and was incorporated as a city in 1857. Population (1890), 27,909. Chelsea Village. A part of New York: a sec- tion, originally the farm of Clement C. Moore, Chemulpo(che-mul'po). A treaty port of Korea, near Seoul. It is the most important of the treaty ports. Chenab, or Chinab (che-nab'). The central river of the Panjab, British India, which unites with the Sutlej to form the Panjnad (an eastern affluent of the Indus), in lat. 29° 25′ N., long. 71° 5' E. Length, about 750 miles. Chenango (she-nang'go). A tributary of the Susquehanna, which it joins at Binghamton, New York. Length, about 100 miles. Chenavard (she-nä-vär'), Paul Joseph. Born Dec. 9, 1808: died April 12, 1895. A French his- torical painter, a pupil of Delacroix and Ingres. He executed a series of cartoons for the Pan- the on in Paris. Chênedollé (shān-do-lā'), Charles Julien Pioult de. Born at Vire in 1769: died 1833. A French poet. lying between Ninth and Tenth avenues and 20th and 21st streets, still marks part of its site. The General Theological Seminary occupies the square. Cheltenham (chelt'n-am). A watering-place in Gloucestershire, England, situated on the Chelt 8 miles northeast of Gloucester. It con- tains Cheltenham College and other educational institu- tions. Mineral springs were discovered there in 1716. It has been a fashionable resort since the visit of George III. in 1788. Population (1891), 42,914. Cheeryble (cher'i-bl), Frank. The nephew of Charles and Edwin Cheeryble in Charles Dick- Chelyuskin, Cape. See Severo . ens's novel "Nicholas Nickle by." He marries Chemakum. See Chimakum . Chemawawa. See Chemchuevi . Chemehuevi (shem-ā-hwā'vē). The southern- most of the Piute tribes of North American Indians. Its habitat formerly was west of the great bend of the Rio Colorado in Nevada and California, and on the east bank of that river in Arizona, between Bill Williams Fork and the Needles. They are now attached to the Colorado River Indian agency, Arizona, and num- ber about 100. (See Piute .) Their own name is Tantawas . Also Chemawawa , Chimihuahua , Genigueh, Jeniguich, Simojueve , Teniquech . Chemillé (she-me-yā'). A town in the depart- ment of Maine-et-Loire, France, 20 miles south- west of Angers. Population (1891), commune, 4,467. Chemnitz (chem'nits). A city in the district of Zwickau, kingdom of Saxony, situated on the Chemnitz in lat. 50° 50′ N., long. 12° 55′ E. It is the chief manufacturing city in Saxony, and one of the most important in Germany. It exports its manufac- tured goods largely to the United States. Its manufac- tures include gloves, stockings, machinery, cottons, and woolens. It was a free imperial city 13th-17th centuries. Population (1890), 138,954. Chemnitz, Bogislav Philipp von. Born at Stettin, Germany, May 9, 1605: died at Hall- stad, Sweden, May 17, 1678. A German his to- rian, councilor and historiographer of Christina of Sweden. He was a grandson of Martin Chemnitz. He wrote "De ratione status in imperio nostro Romano- Germanico, etc." (1640), "Der königliche schwedische in Deutschland geführte Krieg" (1648). enbrietzen, Brandenburg, Germany, Nov. 9, 1522: died at Brunswick, Germany, April 8, 1586. A noted German Luther an theologian, super- intend ent at Brunswick after 1567. He wrote on the Cher 19 miles southeast of Tours. famous for the castle built under François I. in a grace- ful Renai ance style, to which picturesquene is added by the introduction of medieval round, cone-roofed tow- It is ers. The beautiful chapel has fine gla , and the old fur Chenonceaux niture and ornament of the interior remain in great part. A unique feature is the bridge over the Cher, covered with a range of buildings. Chenooks. See Chinooks . Cheops (kē'ops). [Gr. Χέοψ.] See Khufu . Chepenafa (che-pe'na-fä). [Pl.] The Mary River Indians, or Marysville Indians, a band of the Lakmiut division of the Kalapooian stock of North American Indians. They formerly lived on the forks of St. Mary creek, near Corvallis, Oregon, and are now on Grande Ronde reservation. They numbered 28 in 1890. See Lakmiut . Chephren. See Khafra . Chepman (chep'man), Walter. Born about 1473: died about 1538. A printer and merchant of Edinburgh, the earliest Scottish printer with the exception of Andrew Myllar. Chepstow (chep's to). A town in Mon mouths hire, England, situated on the Wye 13 miles northwest of Bristol. It contains the ruins of Chepstow Castle, a fortre of the 13th and 14th centuries, with high walls and ma ive cylindrical towers. There are four interior courts. Population (1891), 3,378. Cher (shar). A river of France which joins the Loire near Tours. Length, 215 miles; navigable 74 miles. Cher. A department of France, lying between Loiret on the north, Nièvre on the east, Allier and Creuse on the south, and Indre and Loiret-Cher on the west. Capital, Bourges. It is a leading industrial department, and is forined from parts of Berry and the Bourbonnais. Area, 2,780 square miles. Population (1891), 359,276. Cherasco (kā-räs'kō). A town in the province of Cuneo, Italy, near the junction of the Stura and Tanaro, 30 miles south of Turin. Cherasco, Armistice of. An armistice concluded between Napoleon and Victor A made us III. of Sardinia, April 29, 1796. A definite peace followed, May 15, 1796, making great conce ions to France. Cherasco, Treaty of. A treaty of peace, signed April 6, 1631, which confirmed the treaty of Ratisbon, concluded between Richelieu and Ferdinand II. in 1630. The latter invested the Duke of Nevers with Mantua and Montferrat. Savoy received conce ions. The treaty ended the war of the Mantuan Succe ion. Cherbourg (sher'berg; F. pron. shar-bör'). A seaport in the department of Manche, France, situated on the English Channel in lat. 49° 39' N., long. 1° 38′ W. It is the third naval port of France, and is a strong fortre . It has a roadstead protected by a long dike, a commercial harbor and a naval harbor, and contains extensive docks, an arsenal, and naval establishments. It is the Roman Coriallum, Cæsaris burgum. After various English occupations it was permanently held by France from 1450. It was planned as a naval station by Vauban, and the works were encouraged by Napoleon I. and completed by Napoleon III. The fortifications were destroyed by the English in 1758. Population (1891), commune, 38,554. Cherbuliez (shar-bü-lya'), Antoine Elisée. Born at Geneva, July 29, 1797: died at Zurich, Switzerland, March 14, 1869. A Swi political economist, author of "L'Utilitaire" (1828 1830), etc. Cherbuliez (shar-bü-lyā'), Charles Victor. Born at Geneva, July 19, 1829. A French novelist and critic. He began life as a teacher, but resigned his profe orship and traveled extensively in the East. On his return he published in the form of a novel the result of his studies in archæology. The first edition was called "A propos d'un cheval" (1860), and the second "Un cheval de Phidias" (1864). Two other works of a similar character, "Le prince Vitale" (1864) and "Le grand œuvre" (1867), embody his views on the origin, transformation, and des. tiny of this globe. In the "Revue des Deux Mondes" he has published a long series of novels, including "Le comte Kostia" (1863), "Paule Méré" (1864), "Le roman d'une honnête femme" (1864), "Prosper Randoce" (1868), "L'Aventure de Ladislas Bolski" (1869), "La revanche de Joseph Noirel" (1872), "Meta Holden is" (1873), "Le fiancé de Mile. Saint-Maur" (1876), "Samuel Brohl et Cie" (1877), "L'Idée de Jean Téterol" (1878), "Amours fragiles" (1880), "Noirs et rouges" (1881), "La fer me du Choquart" (1883), "Olivier Maugant" (1885), "La béte" (1887), "La vocation du Comte Ghislain" (1888), "Une gageure"(1890). Among his productions in most recent years are "L'Art et la nature" ("Revue des Deux Mondes," 1891) and "Le secret du précepteur" (ibid., 1892-93). Both over his own name and under the nom de plume of G. Valbert, Cherbuliez has also contributed to the same review several papers on foreign politics and historical literature. These articles have been collected in part and published as "L'Allemagne politique depuis la paix de Prague" (1870), "L'Espagne politique" (1874), "Hommes et choses d'Allemagne" (1877), "Hommes et choses du temps présent" (1883), and "Profils étrangers" (1889). His art criticisms in the "Temps" give an account of the annual art exhibit in Paris, the Salon of 1872. They have been published separately under the title "Etudes de littérature et d'art" (1873). Two novels of Cherbuliez have been dramatized, "Samuel Brohl" (1879) and "L'Aventure de Ladislas Bolski" (1879), but neither scored as a play the succe attained in the original form. Cherbuliez is a distant relative of J. J. Rou eau. He took out papers as a French man after 1870. He was elected into the French Academy Dec. 8, 1881. Cherchel, or Cherchell (sher-shel'). A seaport in the department of Algiers, Algeria, situated on the Mediterranean 54 miles west by south of Algiers. Population (1891), commune, 8,786. Cherentes, or Xerentes (shā-ren'tāz). An Indian tribe of Brazil, on the eastern side of the river To can tins, in Goyaz, southern Maranhão, and portions of Piauhy and Bahia. They are closely allied to the Chavantes (which see), and are evidently an offspring of that tribe. Like them, they are very savage and warlike. Their numbers are now greatly reduced. Chéri (shā-rē'), Rose (Rose Marie Cizos). Born at Etampes, France, Oct. 27, 1824: died at Pa y, near Paris, Sept. 22, 1861. A celebrated French comedian. She first appeared at the Gymnase March 30, 1842. In 1846 the role of Clari e Harlowe placed her in the first rank of her profe ion. In May, she married M. Lemoine Montigny, but continued to play under the name of Rose Chéri. Chester "La Finta Principe a" (1785), "Ifigenia in Aulide" (1787), "Demophon" (1788), "Lodoiska" (1791), "Médée" (1797) "Les deux journées" ("Der Wa ertrager," 1800), "Faniska" (1806), "Ali Baba" (originally "Koukourgi" (1793), produced in 1833), "Requiem in C" (1817), "Requiem in D" (1836). He also wrote many motets, ma es, string quartets, one-act operas, etc. Cherusci (ke-rus'i). [L. (Cæsar) Cherusci , Gr. (Strabo) Χηροῦσκοι .] A German tribe, in the time of Cæsar dwelling about the middle Weser in territory extending as far east as the Elbe. They were subjugated to the Romans by Drusus and Ti berius, but rose against Varus under the leadership of their own countryman, Arm in i us. In the time of Tacitus they had sunk into comparative unimportance. The name disappears early in the 5th century. They ultimately became a constituent part of the Saxons. Chervin (sher-van'), Nicolas. Born in the department of Rhône, France, Oct. 6, 1783: died at Bourbonne-les-Bains, Haute-Marne, France, Indies, lat. 6° 45′ S., long. 108°35′ E. Population, estimated at 11,000. tio Cherokee (cher-ō-ke'), native Tsalaki. [Pl., also Cherokees.] An important tribe of North American Indians. The name means 'upland field,' the tribe being peculiarly upland: they may have so designated themselves to their first European visitors. They are probably the people known traditionally to the Del a wares as Talligewi, a powerful body which once occupied the valleys of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, and afterward was driven south by the Del a wares and Iroquois. When first known to Europe ans their center was in the southern Alleghanies, and they occupied the mountains of southern Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tenne ee. Their chief settlements were on the head waters of the Savannah and Tenne ee rivers, and were respectively called Elati Tsalaki, or Lower Cherokee, and Atali Tsalaki, or Upper Cherokee, speaking two different dialects. As the white settlements pre ed upon them they retreated westward, until by the treaty of 1835 they all their remaining country, and the main body removed to a tract a igned to them west of the Mi i ippi. A considerable number remained behind, and, gradually concentrating in western North Carolina, are now known as the eastern band of Cherokees, numbering about 2,000. Those in the Indian Territory number about 17,000. Both divisions have a large admixture of foreign blood. Iroquoian. Cherry (cher'i). [A nickname of Charity .] 1. The daughter of the landlord Boniface in Farquhar's "Beaux' Stratagem."-2. The nickname of Charity Pecksniff in Dickens's “ Martin See Chuzzlewit." Chersiphron (ker'si-fron). [Gr. Χερσίφρων . ] Born at Cno us, Crete: flourished about 576 B. C. The first architect of the Artemision at Ephesus. He was a ociated with his son Meta genes, and with The odor us. The Artemision was one hundred and twenty years in building, and was finished about 456 B. C. This building was later destroyed by fire, and rebuilt about the time of Alexander by Dino crates. Cherso (ker'sō). 1. An island in the Adriatic Sea, belonging to Küstenland, Austria-Hungary, in lat. 44°40′-45°10′ N., long. 14°30′ E. Length, 40 miles.-2. The chief town on the Island of Cherso. Population (1890), commune, 8,280. Cherson. See Kherson. Cher sones us (ker-sō-ne's us), or Chersonese (ker'sō-nes or -nez). [Gr. χερσόνησος , a peninsula.] The Greek name for a peninsula. It was specifically applied to the following: (a) Cher sones us Aurea, the modern peninsula of Malacca. (b) Cher sones us Cimbrica, the modern peninsula of Jutland (Denmark). (c) Cher sones us Tauric a or Scythica, the modern Crimea (Ru ia). (d) Cher sones us Thracica, the modern peninsula of Gallipoli, between the Hellespont and the Gulf of Melas. Chertsey (ches'i or chert'si). [AS. Certes ég , Ceortes ig orēg , Ceort's island.] A town in Surrey, England, situated on the Thames 22 miles southwest of London. It was the ancient capital of the South Saxons. It contained a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century. Cherub, The. See Wilfer , Bella . Chérubin de la Ronda (shā-rü-ban' dẻ là rồndä), Don. The Bachelor of Salamanca (which see) in Le Sage's novel of that name. In this work [Le Sage's "The Bachelor of Salamanca"], Don Cherubim, the Bachelor of Salamanca, is placed in all different situations of life a plan which gives scope to the author for satire as various as the cla es of men with whom his hero at different times a ociates. The first part, in which he appears as a tutor, is by much the most novel and entertaining.