ANATOMY

n.?t/o’m-i?. Gr., évarou# (from dvé distributive, and roux, a cutting). Lat., an a tomia. Fr., anatomie. Ger., Anatomie, Zergliederungskunde (4th def.), Zergliederungs kunst (1st def.). It, an a tomia. Sp., an a tomia. 1. Di ection, , Analysis. 3. The structure of an organism. 4. The science of such structure; of the examination and appreciation of its several arts and of their relations to each other and to the functions of he organism. 5. A skeleton, eepecielly, one [pea for scient i fie purposes.—Analogical a. Comparative a.—Animal a. Lat., an a tomia animal is. Fr.,anatomie animate. Ger., thierische Anatomie, It., an a tomia animale. Sp., an a tomia animal. The a. of animal organisms; in a more restricted sense, that of other animals than man.—Anoimalous a. The science of anatomical anomalies; also teratology. [* Lancet,” 1877, ii, p. 242 (L).]—Applied a. Fr., anatomie appliquée. A. in its relations to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. [Cruveilhier (L, 92).]—Artificial a, Lat., an a tomia artificial is. Fr,, anatomie artificielle. Ger., kiinstliche Anatomie, It., an a tomia artificiale. Sp., an a tomia artificiat. The art of making models in wax or other material to illustrate a., normal or pathological. [L, Aue eee a. Lat., an a tomia pictorum (seu sculp to rum [ist def.], seu pic to rica [2d def.]). Fr., anatomie pit to res que (ou artist i que, ou des beaux arts, ou des peintres, ou de’ sculpteurs, ou des formes [1st def.]). Ger.) malerische (1st def.—oder plast is che [2d def.]) Anatomie. It., an a tomia artistic a (o delle forme esterne). Sp., an a tomia artistic a. Syn.: pictorial a. 1. That branch of a. which deals with the external form of the human body, or that of the other mammal i a, in its various attitudes, as an aid to painters and sculptors. It refers particularly to the o eous and muscular systems and to the relative size of different parts of the body. [A, 3%5.] 2. Instruction in a. by means of pictures or models. {L, 44.]—Chirurgical a. See Surgical a,—Clastie a. Fr., anatomie clastique (ou iconoctastique). A. studied with the aid of models which can be taken apart so as to show the relations of different parts to each other. [Auzoux (M, 22).J—Comparative a. Lat., an a tomia comparativa. Fr., anatomie comparée. Ger., vergteichende Anatomie. It., an a tomia com par at a. Sp., an a tomia comparada. A. considered in its variations and analogies according to the position of a given animal in ecole ieal cla ifications; the science of the structural differences and resemblances between different animals, and of their relations to the functions and mode of life proper to such animals. Cf. Animal a.—Corrosion a, Ger., Corrosionsanatomie. The study of a, by destroying obscuring parts by corrosion, the elements which it is desired to observe (such as ve els and ducts) having previously been injected with some substance that, resisting the action of the corrosive agent, represents at the completion of the proce the exact form of those elements.— D iptive a. Lat., an a tomia descriptiva. Fr.. iptive, Ger., beschreibende Anatomie. It., nd. Sp. an a tomia descriptiva. A. studied by a separate consideration of the o eous, ligamentous, muscular, and other systems represented in an organ: ism, without particular attention to their relations to other systems (further than is useful to aid the memory) and without reference to the design or practical significance of the structural features so studied. [A, 385.|—Developmental a. Fr., anatomie de développement. See Empavotocy.—Electro-physiological a., Electro-therapeutical a. Terms used by Beard and Rock well to denote that branch of a. which treats of the regions or points to which electricity may be applied with advantage for purposes of physiological study or in the treatment of disease. [B, 26.]—Floreutine a. Fr., anatomie florentine. Artificial a. (g. v.), SO called from its having originated in Florence. [L, 41.]—Forensie a. Lat.,an a tomia juriduca. A. in its relations to medico-legal investigations. [L, 45,63.]—General a. Lat., an a tomia general is. Fr., anatomie générale. Ger., aligemeine Anatomie. It., an a tomia generale. Sp., an a tomia general. 1. A consideration of the ti ues, with the distinguishing characters by which they may be recognized in different regions of the same animal or in the corresponding pate of different animals. It also includes a study of the liquids of the body, of the properties of the ti ues, and of their arrangement into systems (nervous, muscular, ete.) which together form living beings. [Bichat (J).] 2 General histology; also, according to some writers, embryology, [J,43.] 3. A term used by Carnoy to de- Fr., anatomiser. Ger., Sp., an atom izar. To di ect, note the comparative a, of animals and plants. [J,15.]—Gro a. A. without reference to the minute structure of parts.— Histological a, See HrsroLooy.—Homological a, That branch of a, which treats of the structural and functional identity of different parts (regarding, for example, a cervical vertebra and a lumbar vertebra. as e entially identical, although modified in accordance with their respective surroundings). [A.] It has also been defined as the study of the relations which the different parts of the same individual bear to each other. [L, 45.)—Ifuman a. Lat., an a tomia human a (seu corp or is human i). Fr., anatomie humaine (ou du corps huma in, ou homme). Ger., menschliche Anatomie, Anatomie des Menschen (oder des mensch lichen Kärpers). Syn.: and ran a to my. Thea. of man, of the human body.—Macroscopic a., Macroscopic a i a. See Gro a.—Medical a. Lat., an at on i a medic a. Fr., anatomie médicale. Ger., medic in is che Anatomie, The application of anatomical knowledge to the study of the causes, Re and treatment of non-surgical diseases. [Cruveilhier (L, 92).] It deals promineutly with the situation and contour of the various internal organs as standards of comparison with the facts ascertained by means of physical examination in cases of disease, and with the nervous and vascular connections of different organs and parts as explanatory of symptoms and of the effects of remedial agents. [M,66.|—Medico-chirurgical a., Medico-surgical a. Fr., anatomie médico-chirurgicate. See Medical a, and Surgical a., both of which are included in this term.—Microscopie Microscopical a. Lat., an a tomia microscopic a. Fr., anatomie micro scop i que. Ger, mikroskopische Anatomie. It., an a tomia microscopic a. Sp., an a tomia microscôpica. This term is used by most writers synonymously with histology (9. v.). but some give it a wider application, including, besides the minute a. of the ti ues, those parts of embryology and penyeiglory, that require the microscope for their investigation, also the study of minute organisms. {J, 13.J—Minute a. Fr., anatomie fine. See HisroLocy and Microscopical a—Morbid a. Fr., anatomie morbide. See Pathologic at a.—Palæontological a. Fr., anatomie palæon to log i que (ou géologique), It., an a tomia pate ontologic a. The study of fo il remains with a view to their cla ification. [L, 109.J— Pathological a. Lat., an a tomia pathologic a. Fr. anatomie parkloolne, Ger., pathologische Anatomie. It., an a tomia patologica. Sp.. an a tomia ica. Syn.: morbid a, The science of the anatomical alterations of the solids and fluids of an organism which result from or give rise to disease, and of the relations between those changes and the phenomena of disease. [C.] The a emblage of changes usually found in connection with any given disease is spoken of as the p. a. of that disease,—Philosophical a. Lat., an a tomia philosophic a, Fr., anatomie philosophique. Ger., philosophische Anatomie. It., an a tomia filosofica. Sp.,an a tomia fitoséfica. See Transcendental a.—Physiological a. Lat., an a tomia physiologic a. Fr., anatomie physio log i que. Ger., physio log is che Anatomie, It., an a tomia fisiotogica. Sp., an a tomia fisiolégica. Anatomical study of the ti ues for the purpose of ascertaining their functions. [L.]—Pictorial a. Lat., an a tomia pic to rica, Fr., anatomie pit to res que. Ger,, plast is che Anatomie. It., an a tomia pittoria. Sp., an a tomia pictôrica. See Artistic a. (2d def.)—Practical a. Ger., praktische Anatomie. 1. Di ection. 2. Applied a. (q. v.).—Preservative a. a a a ration of anatomical specimens. W. Francis, “ Am, Med. Month.,” ix, 1858, p. 815 (L).|—Regional a. Fr., anatomie des régions. See Topographic at a.—Special a, Lat., an a tomia special is The a. of a single species, or of a single syst, apparatus, or organ. — Surgical a. Lat..an a tomia chirurgica. Fr., anatomie chirurgicate. Ger., chirurgische Anatomie. It., an a tomia chirurgica. Sp. an a tomia quirtirgica. The application of a. to the elucidation 0 surgical diseases and to the performance of surgical operations. [Cruveilhier (L, 92).|—Textural a. See Hisrorocy.—Theoretical a. Fr., anatomie théorique. Ger.,the ore tis che Anatomie. 1. The science of a., as 0} ed to the practice of di ection. 2. Transcendental a. (g. v.).—Topographical a. Lat., an a tomia topographic a, Fr.,auatomie topograph i que. Ger., topograph is che Anatomie. It., an a tomia topografica. Sp., an a tomia topogrdfica. Syn.: regional a. A study of all the structures met with in any particular part of the body, with regard to their relations to each other, those to other parts of the body being disregarded. [L.]—Trauscendental a. Fr., anatomie transcend ante. Ger., transcendental is che Anatomie. A. in its bearings upon theories of type, evolution, developmental changes. the adaptation of means to ends, ete. $; M, 56.]—Vegetable a. Lat., an a tomia vegetal is. Fr., anatomie végétate. Ger., Pflanzenanatomie. The a. of plants. [C.|—Veterinary a. Lat., an a tomia veterinaria. Fr., anatomie vétérinaire. Ger., Veterindr- (oder thierärztliche) Anatomie, Anatomie der Hausthiere. It.,an a tomia veterinaria. Sp.,an a tomia veterinaria. The a. of domesticated animals. [L, 44.