Anatomy

in the literal sense, means simply a cutting up, but is now generally applied both to the art of di ecting or artificially separating the different parts of an organized body (vegetable or animal) with a view to discover their situation, structure, and economy; and to the science which | treats of the internal structure of-organized bodies. The branch which treats of the structure of plants is called vegetable anatomy or phytotomy, and that which treats of the structure of animals animal anatomy or zoéto my, ‘a special branch of the latter being human anatomy or anthropotomy. Comparative anatomy is the science | which compares the anatomy of different cla es with quadrupeds, or that of: quadrupeds with fishes; while special anatomy treats of the construction, form, and structure of parts in a single animal. The history of anatomy is virtually the history of medicine, the practice of which is based upon the revelations of anatomical study. Among the ancient writers or authorities on human anatomy may be mentioned Hippo crates the younger (460-377 Be) Aristotle (384-322 B.c.), Hero phil us and Eras i stratus of Alexandria, (about and Galen of Per here (140-200), the most celebrated of all the ancient authorities on the | science. From his time till the revival of learning in Europe in the 14th century anatomy was checked in its progre . In 1315 Mondino, profe or at bp —g first publicly performed di ection, and published a System of Anatomy, which was a text-book in the schools of Italy for about 200 years. In the 16th century Fallopio of Padua, Eustachi of Venice, Vesalius of Bru els, Varoli of Bologna, and many others, enriched anatomy witk new discoveries. In the 17th century Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood, A sell i us discovered the manner in which the nutritious part of the food is conveyed into the circulation, while the lymphatic system was detected and described by the Dane T. Bar to line. Among the renowned anatomists of later times we ean only mention Malpighi, Boerhaave, William and John Hunter, the’ younger Meckel, Bichat, Rosenmuller, Quain, Sir A. Cooper, Sir C. Bell, Carus, Joh, Muller, Heckel, Owen, and Huxley, and the Americans, Jeffries Wyman, Dwight, Leidy, Marsh, and Cope.