SPECIES

(Lat.) In Logic, a predicnble which is eon sidered as expre ing the whole e ence of the individuals of which it is affirmed. The e ence of an individual is said to consist of two parts: 1. The material part, or genus; 2. The formal or distinctive part, or difference. The genus and dilference together make up, in logical language, the species; e. g., a " biped" is compounded of tiie genus " animal," and the difference "having two legs." It is obvious that the names species and genus are merely relative; and that the same common terms may, in one case, be the tpe cies which is predicated of an individual, and in another case the individual of which a species is predicated: <. g., the individual, Ctesar, belongs to the species man; but man, again, may be said to belong to the species animal, &.<-.., as we contemplate higher and more comprehensive terras, A Spedes, in short, when predicated of individuals, stands in the same relation to them as the genus to the species; and when predicated of other lower species, it is then, in respect of these, a genus, while it is a species in respect of a higher genus. Such a term is called a subaltern species or genus; while the highest term of all, of which nothing can lie predicated,is the "simimum genus;" the lowest of all, which can be predicated of nothing, the "inlima species." The dilference which, together with the genus, makes up the species, is termed the "specific difference." See Predicable, Logic. [s. 1159]