NANKING

[s. 539] : The “southern capital” of China; so called from its having been the seat of government during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). It the Province of Kiang-su, on the is situated south bank of the Yangtse, which makes a right angle, and borders the city on the north and west, 223 miles west of Shanghai, and almost: m midway between Canton and Peking. It formerly po e ed one of the finest walls known, 20 miles in circuit, 70 feet high, 30 feet wide, and The interior of the city pierced with 13 gates. has much unoccupied ground. The famous Porcelain Tower, budt by the Emperor Yung Loh (1403-28), was an object of the wonder and admiration of Europe ans, until it was destroyed by the Tai-ping rebels during their occupancy of the city in 1853-6, at which time most of the It public buildings were ruthle ly destroyed. Nan-pn-liNien Native Agency was formerly a literary center, and was noted also for Cotton cloth, called nankeen, from the name of the city; satin, crepe, its industries. pottery were all manufactured. An is located at Nanking under European superintendence, where firearms and ve els of war are manufactured. Sir Henry Pottinger signed here the famous Nanking treaty in 1842. Not far from the city are the tombs of the emperors of the Ming dynasty, with an avenue leading to them guarded by gigantic stone figures of men and animals. By a treaty made with France in 1858, this port was thrown open, but practically no commerce is carried on with foreigners. The climate is warm and dry, and not unhealthy. Population (1901), 22.5,000. The importance of the city as a center for educational work has been appreciated by the Methodist Episcopal Church, who have established here a university with an endowment of $200,000. The Disciples of Christ are also about to erect a college. The medical work in connection with the Methodist Episcopal Hospital, said to be the largest in China, is most important. The mi ionary societies at work in Nanking and vicinity are the following: The American Adventists, AFFM (1890), FCMS and arsenal ME PN These (1867), and (1876). societies now (1903) have 46 mi ionaries, men and women; 57 native workers, 12 places of worship, 16 day schools, 16 higher institutions, 3 hospitals and dispensaries, 1 printing house, and 711 profe ed Christians. The has a representative here. (1887), YMCA NAN-Ptr-HSIEN: A town in the Province of Sze-chwan, China, situated on the river, about 12 miles S. by E. of Pao-ning-fu. Station of the mi ionaries and 1 place of worship. CIM (1902), with 2 women NANUOYA: A village in the Central Provinces of Ceylon, situated about 26 miles S. of Kandy. Station of the CMS Tamil Coolie Mi ion, with (1903) 1 mi ionary, 87 native workers, 44 day schools, and 1,140 profe ed Christians. 540