Bagpipe

a musical instrument of high an- common in certain varied forms to many and Asiatic nations, especially among of Celtic origin. Its British form consists of a leathern bag, of the skin of a kid or other small animal, retains the wind with which it is inflated the mouth of the player. There are three pipes, of which form the drone, and only produce the and its fifth; the third, called the is furnished with a reed, and is bored holes which are stopped by the fingers of the when the tune is produced. The compa is nine notes in extent. The bagpipe originally from the East. It is supposed that the word mentioned in the marginal reference the Bible (Dan. iii. 7) refers te the bagpipe. The popularity of the instrument among the in medisval times is proved not only by frequent mention of it in contemporary and the early poets, but its influence is shown in the character of some of the melodies of antiquity which have survived; some of are~mentioned by Mr. W. Chappell in his Music. ‘The bagpipe is usually considered Great Britain as the national Scottish instrument, some writers have a erted that Bruce’s march, tuttie, taitie,” a melody more familiar the words “Scots wha hae,” by Burns, was identical tune played on the bagpipes at the of Bannock burn, 1314. Barbour, the of the event, makes no allusion to this. earliest mention of the bagpipe as a military among the Scots was at the battle of in 1594, The Irish pipes are generally called the ‘ Union” a word corrupted of the term “ Ullan,” which the elbow; the Irish pipes being inflated by bellows worked by the elbow of the performer. ) There tuned Many drone means which help and more popular beginning hour often in Ru ian ing Poland guished “right of conspicuous he the He Napoleon’s of Smolensk, and shot large ally lignite, crocodiles, shells, ditions, 100 in Stud land London fo iliferous and the Clay, the to Great “cays” to North square lying antly of tains resort War land in to islands Gilbert Bahamas. are three drones in the old Irish pipes, two in unison, and the third an octave below. pipes are provided with valves to shut off the if required, and some have a contrivance by of which the common chord of the key ip the pipes are set may be sounded at will to the effect. The tone of the Irish pipes is softer sweeter than the Scottish pipes, which are of a piercing and stimulating tone. The Musette, in France at the end of the 17th and the of the 18th centuries, was a sort of “ par bagpipe,” sweet and delicate intone. It was adorned in artistic style, and the bag enclosed richly embroidered covers. Bag ration, PETER IVANOVITCH, PRINCE, a General, was born in 1765, and, after servunder Potemkin, accompanied Suwarrow into (1794) and Italy (1799), where he so dist in himself that Suwarrow called him his arm.” At Marengo, Novi, and the capture Brescia, Turin, and Alexandria, he played a part, Disgraced for a while by Paul, returned to the army in 1805 and commanded vanguard at Austerlitz, Eylau, and Fried land. next served in Finland and in Turkey. During invasion of Moscow he was at the head the Western Army, made a brilliant retreat to and was killed in 1812. Bagshot Sands, a series of sands of Middle Upper Eocene age [EOCENE], named from Bag- Heath in north-west Surrey, where they cover a area. They are variously coloured and gene run fo iliferous, but include bands of clay and which contain tapir-like animals, turtles, sea-snakes, sharks, numerous marine and land plants indicating tropical con- They form three divisions: the Lower, to 150 feet thick in the London basin, 660 feet the Isle of Wight, and at Bourne mouth and; the Middle, le than 100 feet in the basin, and represented by the thicker Brack les ham beds in Su ex, Hants, Dorset; and the Upper, over 100 feet thick in London area, but represented by the Barton 300 feet thick, in Hampshire. Bahamas, THE, or LUCAYO ISLANDs,-lie off coast of Florida, in the Atlantic Ocean (lat. 22° 28° N., and long. 73° to 79° W.), and belong to Britain. They consist of 29 islands and 3,048 or rocks, and serve as stepping-stones, so speak, between the West Indian Islands and America. The total area is about 5,000 miles. Nearly all of the ground is low and narrow. The soil in most cases is exuberfertile, and the climate good, but only twenty the group are inhabited. New Providence con the capital, Na au, which was a great for blockade runners during the American of Sece ion. San Salvador was the first visited by Columbus in 1492. The Spaniards the next century carried off all the natives work as slaves in the mines, and left the depopulated. In 1578 Sir Humphre annexed them, and in 1680 Charles IJ. 327 granted but for and ment governor, a embly. and of state of an Upper form the barren, fertile. about explorers extending Rio tains sea. is yield maize of Bahia, is Praya It capital tion portant palaces other geographical prevailed. el-Azrek, water), confines Persian Ghazel, India, Chief 2,308 the the river. werda his ianism, at at tionary at trouble, tavern-keeper, Bahawnulypoor. them to the Duke of Albemarle the Spaniards put a stop to colonisation, many years they became the haunts pirates. It was not till 1783 that was established, consisting a legislative council, and The products are pine-apples, drugs, but the negroes, who the population, are averse to settled Bahawnulpoor, or BHAWALPUR, of N.W. India, under the political the lieutenant-governor of the Punjab. area of 22,000 square miles, stretching Indus, Chenab, and Ghara its N.W. boundary, and having S.E. Five-sixths of the soil but the strip near the river The capital, Bhawalpur, is 60 miles above its junction with Bahia, the name given by Spanish to bays in different parts Bahia, a province on the 8.E. from the Rio Grande do Real, and bounded inland by a at an average distance of 200 Of the total area (202,272 square covered by forests, but the cultivated rich crops of cotton, coffee, and fruits. Coal has been found, diamonds and other precious or San Salvador, the capital a fine city standing partly on commanding a view of the Bay was founded in 1549, and until of the empire. ‘Two-thirds are mulattoes or blacks. It commercial port. The of the governor and archbishop, public buildings are spacious Bahr (Arab. water or river), a names wherever Arab Bahr-el-Abiad is the White the Blue Nile; Bahr-bel a-Ma the arid valley 50 miles from of the Libyan desert; Bahr-el-Fars, Gulf; Bahr Loot, the Dead etc. The form Bahret is sometimes Bahraich, or BHARAICH, a district 8. of Nepaul, under the jurisdiction Commi ioner of Oudh. It square miles. It lies between E. Gogari rivers, and a great centre. The capital, Bharaich, Hindus form the bulk of the Bahrdt, KAR. FRiepRIc#u, was in 1741, and early attracted theological opinions, which inclined if not to simple Deism. He Leipsic, became profe or of Biblical Erfurt, was expelled for his heretical ideas and his aggre ive temper, Halle. His political pamphlets and he gave up lecturing dying in 1792. ( 299 and others, and of buccaneers a firm govern of an English representative sponges, form two-thirds industry. a feudatory jurisdiction It occupies along the rivers, which Rajputana on is sandy and banks is very on the Ghara, the Chenab. or Portuguese of the globe. coast of Brazil, Belmont to the range of mounmiles from the miles) much districts sugar, tobacco, and mines stones exist. of the province, a height, the of All Saints. 1763 was the of the populais a very imcathedral, the and the and handsome. prefix in many influence has Nile; Bahr- (sea without Cairo on the the Sea; Bar-elfound. of British of the has an area of the Rapti and plateau occupies is on the latter population. born at Bis cho sat tent i on by to Soc in began to teach antiquities and revoluand settled got him into for the trade of ) Muscat, Arabian name lies 70 are fins, duces and principal Italy, salubrious made is supposed lowers encroachments some Turkey in those river fought Darius harbour Armenia, Erzeroum. for on 15 by of here ment long. is miles. offshoot shores. and -and but of tremity islands, 10 lakes, portant and In over in entered to he for a Bahrein, a up of islands belonging to on the sW. of the Persian Gulf, near the coast. The chief of them, which gives its to the whole, is Bahrein or Awal (Aval), and about 90 miles from Bushire, having a length of and a breadth of 23 miles. The pearl fisheries the richest in the world. Tortoise-shell, sharks’ and dates are also exported, and the soil pro cereals and fruits. Manama is the capital, Arad, Maharay, and Tamehoy are the other islands of the cluster. Ca ell's Encyclopedia of General Information Vol. 1