Rawlinson, Phœnicia, p

103. Abdera (ab-de'rä). [Gr. τὰ Ἄβδηρα , οι Άβδηρον .] In ancient geography, a maritime city of Thrace, founded by the Teians, belonging to the A then i an Confederation. Its inhabitants were notorious among the Greeks for dullne . The exact ancient site has not been identified. Abdera (ab-dē'rä). [Gr. τὰ Ἄβδηρα , Αύδηρα , "Αβδαρα, Άβδηρον.] In ancient geography, a town, the modern Adra (or Almeria?), on the southern coast of Spain, about 45 miles southeast of Granada. Also Abdara . Abd-er-Rahman (äbd-er-räh'män) I. [Ar., 'servant of the merciful one,' i. e. God.] Bornat Damascus, 731: died 788. The founder (756) of the independent Ommiad power in Spain, with Cordova as capital. He survived the ma acre of the Ommiads by the Abbas sides, took refuge in Mauretania, and was invited by a party of the Arabs in Spain to come to them as their sovereign. He quickly established his power, overcame his chief antagonist in battle (755), sup from Jan. 21, 1774, till April 7, 1789. He inherited a disastrous war with Ru ia, which was ended in July, 1774, by the treaty of Kainardji, and which resulted in the lo of Crimea and adjacent regions. He was also engaged in war with Ru ia and Austria from 1787. Abdul-Hamid II. Born Sept. 22, 1842. Sultan of Turkey since Aug. 31, 1876, second son of Abdul-Medjid and brother of the insane Murad V. whom he succeeded. He carried on a war with Ru ia from April 24, 1877, to 1878. By the treaty of San Stefano, which followed (March 3, 1878), modified by the Berlin Treaty of July 13, 1878, Turkey lost large po es sions in Europe and Asia. See San Stefano , Treaty of , and Berlin, Congre of. Abdul-Kerim (äb'döl-ke-rēm') Pasha. Born 1811: died 1885. A Turkish general, distinguished by his services in the Crime an war, and against the Servians in 1876, but banished for failure in the Ru ian war of 1877. Abdul-Latif. See Abdallatif . Abdul-Medjid, or Mejid (äb'döl-me-jed'). Born April 23, 1823: died June 25, 1861. The eldest son of Mahmud II. whom he succeeded, rebellious video He was conquered by Mehemet Ali, the July 1, 1839. was was protected by the intervention of the Great Powers in 1840. November 3, 1839, he promulgated the Hatti-sherif of Gülhanè (the imperial palace where it was first proclaimed), an organic statute for the government of the empire, guaranteeing the security of life and property to subjects and introducing fiscal and military reforms. He was engaged in the Crime an war from 1853 to 1856. In 1856 was promulgated the Hatti-y-humayun, which profe ed to secure the rights of the Hatti-sherif of Gülhanè to all cla es, without distinction of rank or religion. Abdul-Mumen (äb'döl-mö'men). Born in northwestern Africa, 1101: died 1163. The founder of the dynasty of the Almohades, calif from 1130 till 1163. Abdul-Muttalib (äb'döl-möt-täʻlib). Died 578. The grandfather of Mohammed and his guardian for two years. Abdurrahman. See Abd - er - Rahman . Abdurrahman Khan (äb-dör-räh'män khän). Born about 1830. The ameer of Afghanistan, proclaimed such in 1880. Abecedarians (ābē-sē-dā'ri-anz). A German Anabaptist sect of the 16th century, led by Nicholas Stork, a weaver of Zwickau, which rejected all learning (even the learning of "A-B-C") as a hindrance to religion, profe ed a special inspiration superseding the Bible, and predicted (and was disposed to promote) the overthrow of existing governments. A Becket (a-bek'et), Gilbert Arthur. Born at London, 1837: died at London, Oct. 15, 1891. An English journalist, dramatist, and miscellaneous writer, son of G. A. A Becket. A Becket, Gilbert Abbott. Born at London, Jan. 9, 1811: died at Boulogne, France, Aug. 30, 1856. An English lawyer, journalist, and writer, noted chiefly for his contributions to A Becket, Gilbert Abbott "Punch": author of the "Comic History of England," the "Comic History of Rome," the "Comic Black stone," etc. A Becket, Thomas. See Thomas of London. Abed-nego (a-bed'ne-gō). [Probably an error in the text for Abed Nebo , servant of the god Nebo.] One of the three Hebrews cast by Nebuchadnezzar into the fiery furnace. His Hebrew name was Azariah, Abed-nego being substituted for it by the prince of the eunuchs of the king of Babylon. Dan. i. 7. Abegg (ä'beg), Julius Fried rich He in rich. Born at Erlangen, Bavaria, March 27, 1796: died at Breslau, Pru ia, May 29, 1868. A German jurist, author of "Versuch einer Geschichte der pre us sis chen Civilproze gesetzgebung" (1848), etc. Abel (a'bel). [Heb. Hěběl , formerly derived from Heb. hebel, transitorine ; more probably to be connected with A yro-Babylonian ablu, son.] The second son of Adam, slain by his brother Cain, according to the account in Genesis. Abel (ä'bel), Carl. Born at Berlin, Nov. 25, 1837. A German comparative philologist, author of "Linguistic E ays" (1880), etc. He has acted as Ilchester lecturer on comparative lexicography at Oxford, and as Berlin correspondent of the "Times" and "Standard." Abel (a'bel), Sir Frederick August us. Born at London, 1827. An English chemist, president of the Institute of Chemistry and other learned societies, and author of "Guncotton," "Modern History of Gunpowder," "On Explosive Agents," etc., and with Bloxam of a "Handbook of Chemistry." Abel (ä'bel), He in rich Fried rich Otto. Born at Reichenbach, Würtemberg, Jan. 22, 1824: died at Leonberg, Würtemberg, Oct. 28, 1854. A German historian, collaborator on the "Monument a German iæ historic a," and author of "König Philipp der Hohenstaufe" (1852), etc. Abel (a'bel), Joseph. Born at Aschach, Austria, 1768: died at Vienna, Oct. 4, 1818. An Austrian historical and portrait painter. in Abel (ä'bel), 1), Karl Fried rich. Born at Köthen, Germany, 1725: died at London, June 20, 1787. A German composer, and noted performer on the viol da gamba. VIII. of England, unjustly condemned on the charge of concealing the treasonable practices of Elizabeth Barton, the "Nun of Kent." He was an active supporter of the queen in her endeavor to prevent the divorce sought by Henry. Abencerrages (a-ben'se-rāj-ez; Sp. pron. ä-Bentha-rä Hes). A Moorish family in Granada, famous in Spanish romance. Their struggle with the family of the Zegris and tragical destruction in the Al. hambra by King Abu Ha an, near the end of the Moorish dominion in Granada, are told in Perez de Hita's (unhistorical) "Hist or i a de las guerras civiles de Granada" (1595), the groundwork of a romance by Chateaubriand (1826), and of an opera by Cherubin i (1813). Abenezra (ä-ben-ez'rä), or Ibn Ezra ('b'n-ez'rä). See Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra . Abensberg (ä'bens-berg). A small town in Lower Bavaria, on the Abens 18 miles southwest of Ratisbon, the scene of a victory by Napoleon over the Austrian army of Archduke Charles, April 20, 1809. The attack was on the center of the Austrian line, which was cut in halves: the left was driven acro the Isar at Land shut, which was of captured, and the right was overcome at Eckmühl on April 22. In this series of operations the Austrians lost 60,000 men. Abeokuta (ab-e-ō-kö'tä). The principal town Yoruba or Yariba, a British protectorate in western Africa. It was founded in 1830 by fugitive slaves, who were subsequently joined by numerous freemen, mostly of the Egba tribe. Excepting a few native Christian churches, the ma of the people is still heathen. Population (estimated), 150,000. Also Abbeokuta . Aber (ab'er). [Gael. abar = W. aber , a confluence of waters, the mouth of a river. Cf. Gael. inbhir , with same senses, = W. ynfer , influx, = Sc. inver- .] An element appearing in many place-names in Great Britain, and signifying 'a confluence of waters,' either of two rivers or of a river with the sea: as, Aber deen , Aberdour , Abergavenny, Aberystwith. Aberavon (ab-er-a'von). A seaport in Glamor ganshire, South Wales, situated on Bristol Channel 7 miles east of Swansea. It has large manufacturing works, and there are mines of coal and vicinity. Population (1891), 6,281. Aberbrothock. See Arbroath . Aberconway. ay. See Conway . Abercorn (ab'er-kôrn). A hamlet in Linlith- gowshire, gowshire, Scotland, Scotland, about 10 miles west of Edinburgh. It was the seat of a bishopric from 681 to 685.