SYLLOGISM

(Yunanca köken — orijinale bakınız.) In Logic, ' an argument stated in the correct logical form, consistj ing of three propositions, and having the property that | the conclusion nece arily Ibllows from the two premises; so that if the premises be true, the conclusion must be i true also. (See Proposition, Logic.) As often as the ' five are unnece ary; i. e. they are moods in which.. I particular conclusion only is inferred from premises which would warrant a universal. The nineteen remaining are expre ed in the following mnemonic, lines: — j Fig. I, 4 moods: BArSArA, cEMrEnf, dArll./ErlOqv£, prior is. I Fig. 2. 4 moods: CEsArE, ckniEstr^s, fEstlnO, 6AI rOkO, secundae.: Fig. 3. 6 moods: Tertia dArApll, dlsAmls, dAtUl, fElAptOn, BO/cAr dO, fErlsOn, habet: quart a I in super add it. j Fig. 4. 5 moods: BrAmAntlp, cAmEnEs, dhnArls, fEsApO, frEsh On. One mood in each figure may be given by way of example. The letter M designates the middle term; the mind observes anv two notions to agree with a third, it {fH^' preceding the proposition its quantity and qua immediately concludes that they agree with each other: j "" as, A is equal to B; B is equal to C; therefore A is equal 1. to C. Or, if it finds that one of them agrees and the | other disagrees with the third, it pronounces that they disagree with each other. In the first of these proce es it produces a syllogism with an affirmative conclusion in the latter, a syllogism with a negative conclusion. Syllogisms are variously divided: by some into single, complex, and conjunctive, .; by others (according to the Oxford system of logic) into categorical, hypothetical, conditional, . But the categorical syllogism, consist A. All exce (M) is sinful. A. All gluttony is exce (M): therefore A. All exce is sinful. (A syllogism in Barbara.) A. Every thing expedient is lawful (M). E. Nothing unjust is lawful (M): therefore E. Nothing unjust is expedient. (A syllogism in Camestres.) A. All conquerors (M) are cruel. I. Some conquerors (M) are just: therefore I. Some just men are cruel. (A syllogism in Datisi.) [s. 1213]