FROUDE

(fréd), James Anthonys historian and miscellaneous writers born at Totnes, Devons hire, 1818, died 1894. He was educated at Oxford, was elected Fellow of Exeter College, and received deacon’s orders. In 1848 he resigned his fellowship and withdrew from orders on the publication of his Nemesis of Faith. Between the years 1856 and 1869 appeared his great work The History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada, which was very popular, though it received but doubtful approval from historians. He was for some time editor of Fraser’s Magazine, to which he contributed many articles, as well as to other periodicals. In 1869 he was elected rector of St. Andrews University; travelled in the United States in 1874; and visited the Cape Colony on a political mi ion, 1874-5. He was made literary executor to Carlyle, and his Life of Carlyle, Carlyle’s Reminiscences, and Letiers and Memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle, as edited by him, provoked an extraordinary amount of interest and controversy. Among his other works are: Short Studies on Great Subjects; The English in Ireland in the Righteenth Century; Julius Cesar; Oceana, or England and her Colonies; and The English in the West Indics.— BIBLIOGRAPHY: Herbert Paul; Life of Froude; A. Cecil, Six Oxford Thinkers.