turpentine

[O. Fr. turbentine =turpentine, from Lat. terebinth in us made from the terebinth tree; Gr. terebinth i nos, from terebinthos terebinth (q. v.); Dut. turpentijn; Dan., Sw. & Ger. terpentin; Low Lat. terbentina.] Ord. Lang . & Chem . The name applied to turpentine-oil. and to the crude oleo-resinous juice which exudes from incisions in the bark of pines, firs, and other coniferous trees. The species which chiefly furnish common turpentine are Pinus pol us tris, P. tæda , and P. pinaster . The olco-resin flowing from them has the consistence of mola es, is of a pale-yellow color, with a pungent odor and taste 4229 peculiar to itself. It alters much with heat and exposure. Strasburg turpentine is from Abies pec tinata . [CHIAN-TURPENTINE, VENICE-TURPENTINE.] turpentine-camphor, s . Chem.: A term applied, sometimes to the solid mono hydro chlorate, sometimes to the solid hydrate of turpentine-oil. ( Watts .) turpentine-oil, s . 1. Organic Chemistry: C10H16. The volatile oil distilled from crude turpentine, and existing in the wood, bark, leaves and other parts of conifer ous trees. are These oils, according to the source from which they obtained, exhibit considerable and marked diversities in their physical as well as in their optical properties. The several varieties when rectified are colorle , mobile liquids, having a peculiar aromatic but disagreeable odor. They are insoluble in water, slightly soluble in aqueous alcohol miscible in all proportions with absolute alcohol, ether, and carbon disulphide. They di olve iodine, sulphur, phosphorus, also fixed oils and resins. The two principal varieties are from Pinus maritima , and from the turpentine collected in the Southern States of America. The former has a specific gravity of 0.864, boils at 161°, and turns the plane of polarization to the left; the latter has the same specific gravity and boiling point, but turns the plane of polarization to the right. Both oils absorb oxygen from the air, and acquire powerful oxidizing properties from the probable formation of an organic peroxide, C10H1404. Turpentine absorbs chlorine with such energy as sometimes to set it on fire. It belongs to a group of volatile oils to which the name of terpenes has been given. They are derived from plants of the coniferous and aurantiaceous orders, yielding, for example, turpentine and lemon oils respectively. Turpentine-oil is of great importance in the arts, and is specially employed for giving consistency to oil paints and varnishes, conferring on them dry ing properties. me 2. Pharm .: In small doses it is absorbed and acts as a stimulant, antispasmodic, and astringent. It produces diuresis, and communicates to the urine pa ed a smell like that of violets. It can arrest hæmorrhage in the capillary ve els. It is generally administered as an enema to destroy tenia, as car a rides, ., in the intestines. Applied externally, it is a powerful rubefacient. ( Garrod .) IMG:content-1579.png:[blocks in formation] turret has an acid reaction and bitter taste, is soluble in water, and resolved by mineral acids into glucose and turpetholic-acid. tür-pě-thin, subst. [Mod. Lat. ( Ipomœa ) tur peth (um); -in. ] Chem.: C34H56016. A purgative resin, extracted from the root of Ipomea turpethum by alcohol. It has a brownish yellow color, is inodorous, insoluble in water and other, soluble in alcohol, and melts at 183°. In concentrated sulphuric acid it slowly di olves, forming a red solution.