JOULE

James Pre scott (son of Benjamin Joule of Salford, brewer 1784–1858). b. New Bailey st. Salford 24 Dec. 1818; pupil of John Dalton the chemist at Manchester; member of Manchester literary and philosophical soc. 1842, librarian 1844, hon. sec. 1846, vice pres. 1851, pres. 1860; F.R.S. 6 June 1850, royal medal 1852, Copley medal 1870; LL.D. Dublin 1857, D.C.L. Oxf. 1860, LL.D. Edin. 1871; granted civil list pension of £200, 19 June 1878; received Albert medal of Society of Arts 1880; experimented on electro-magnetism with view of applying it as a motive power; discovered that the attractive force exercised by two electric magnets is proportioned to the square of the strength of the magnetising current 1840; established the relation between heat and chemical affinity 1840; established the mechanical equivalent of heat by experiments 1842–9; had a laboratory at Whalley Range 1844; wrote upwards of 100 scientific papers; author of New theory of heat 1846; Mechanical equivalent of heat 1859; The scientific papers of J. P. Joule. Published by The Physical society of London 2 vols. 1884–7, with portrait. d. 12 Wardle road, Sale near Manchester 11 Oct. 1889. Popular Science Monthly , v 103–7, portrait ; Leisure Hour , Aug. 1873 pp . 549–52; Nature 26 Oct. 1882 pp. 617–20, portrait ; Graphic 2 Nov. 1869 pp. 530, 532, portrait .