Arctia

the Tiger Moth. Arctic Expeditions, voyages of discovery have been made towards the North Pole and the Arctic regions. Voyages similarly made to South Pole are termed Antarctic expeditions, both these kinds come under the head of Polar As there is a much greater surface of in the Arctic regions than in the Antarctic, temperature is consequently higher in the of the North Pole, and has therefore proved greater attraction to explorers. The first genuine of discovery made to the Arctic regions was in 1603 by one Stephen Bennett, who was very shortly (1607) by the famous Hudson who reached the latitude of 81° 30’ before he compelled to retire. Various minor expeditions this, but it was not until 1773 that Captain commanding an important expedition, fitted for scientific purposes alone, succeeded in reachlat. 80° 48’. Captain Cook, Scores by (who pene to 81° 30’), Buchan, Franklin, Clavering, and all made unsucce ful attempts, but in Captain Parry pa ed beyond the latitude by Hudson, and succeeded in getting as far $2° 40’. In 1845 Sir John Franklin (q.v.) started an expedition to discover a north-west pa age never returned, for an account of his death in was found and brought home by M'‘Clintock 1859. Nansen succeeded in reaching latitude 57’ in 1896; and the Duke of Abruzzi’s exlatitude 86° 33’, in 1900. The attempt of in August, 1909, to reach the North Pole airship resulted in failure; but Peary, who relate in 1909, was succe ful in reaching [ARcTIC SEA.] Arctic Sea, THE, is the name given to the body of water that lies within the Arctic 7.c. N. of 66° 30’ N. lat. In common parlance term is extended to such portions of the ocean 201 nosey eee meme ULM CATHEDRAL, COLOGNE CATHEDRAL, STRASBURG CATHEDRAL, GREAT PYRAMID, ST. PETER'S, ROME, SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. ANTWERP CATHEDRAL, DUOMO, FLORENCE, ST. PAUL'S, LONDON, OOMNAMAGNH ST. ISAAC'S, PETERSBURG, C, 4 N 1 MYINDONY: fe BA MOORISH. et ereran = = Ii i: eee us ue GROUP OF BUILDINGS SHOWING COMPARATIVE HEIGHTS. 530 FT. 11. VICTORIA TOWER, WESTMINSTER, 18 510 FT. 331 FT. 468 FT. 12. MALINES CATHEDRAL. 320 FT. 460 FT. 13. HOTEL DES IN VALI DES, PARIS, 448 FT. 310 FT. 404 FT. 14, STATUE OF LIBERTY. NEW 403 FT. YORK 306 FT. 376 FT. CHI CHESTER CATHEDRAL, 271 FT.: 360 FT. LICH FIELD CATHEDRAL 252 FT. 336 FT. MONUMENT. LONDON, 202 FT. ARCHITECTURE.—Il. Se rN’ rT 1s EGYPTIAN. MERE nh PORCELAIN 200 TRANSEPT, 198 LEANING MOSQUE ALBERT PANTHEON, LUXOR, ea oy ee (2 a aA ha Rone Ay vy ATF see be TOWER, NANKIN, FT. CRYSTAL PALACE, FT. TOWER, PISA, 188 FT. OF ST. SOPHIA, 182 FT. HALL, 154 FT. ROME, 143 FT, EGYPT, 75 FT. 202 203 as actually in 83° 85° later covered proofs mander three arrived distinction. honour Pole Nares’ vast million are Sound between between the September visible up 838° footprints North downward pa ages. teristic ranging in are ptarmigan, ftuuna in land in arctic, Sclater. containing Otter-like, (the Panda), constellation and miles. has it boiling develops the marked due to proce es ts ( 188 Arctisca. are under the same physical conditions as those inside the circle. Lieutenant Markham Sir George Nares’ expedition in 1876 reached 20’ 26” N., while Nansen in 1896 reached 57’, Abruzzi’s party 86° 33’ in 1900; and in the months of 1909 Dr. Cook claimed to have disthe North Pole, and to have left there of his travels. Almost simultaneously Com- Peary, who during the previous twenty years had led several arctic expeditions, back and announced his own claim to the A heated controversy resulted, the of being the first to discover the North being generally accorded to Peary. Sir G. investigations confirmed the existence of a Polar Basin, having an area of one-and-a-half square miles. The chief entrances to it by Behring Strait, Smith Sound, and Jones at the extremity of Baffin Bay; the channel Green land and Spitz bergen; and that Spitz bergen and Nova Zembla, into which Gulf Stream penetrates. From the end of to the beginning of May no sun is in this desolate expanse. Animal life exists to a very far point; Markham found in lat. 20’ 26" N. swarms of small crustaceans, and of the Polar hare have been seen as far as lat. 83° 10’. Cold currents appear to flow from the Pole through most of these Numbers of islands form a characfeature of this portion of the earth’s surface, from the size of Green land to mere specks the sea. The sole inhabitants within the circle the Esquimos. The white bear, hares, foxes, and a few aquatic birds constitute the of the lower latitudes, and the sea abounds seals, walruses, whales, and fish of many kinds. Arctisca. [TARDIGRADA. | Arctogewa, a primary zoological division of the surface of the earth proposed by Prof. Huxley 1868. It is equivalent to the Nearctic, Pale- Ethiopian, and Oriental regions of Mr. [NovToG.£A.] Arc to idea, a section of fi iped Carnivora, the families MUSTELID A (Weasel-like, and Badger-like forms), PROCYONID A Raccoon and its allies), A I LURID A (the and URSID (Bears).