Italy

(it'ah-le.) [It. Italia.] A kingdom of S. Europe, embracing the entire peninsula, boot-like in shape, extending bet. the Adriatic Sea on the E., and the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas on the W., together with the rich and considerable region which is b. N. by Switzerland and the Tyrol, E. by Carniola and the Austrian Littorale, and W. by France. I., hence, is contained within the limits of from N. Lat. 36° 46' to 46° 30', and E. Lon. 6° 30′ and 18° 30′. Length, N.W. to S.E. (or from Mont Blanc to Cape Portio di Palo, Sicily), 780 m.; average width, 100 m. Prior to the year 1863, I. consisted politically of the kingdoms of Sardinia (Piedmont), and the Two Sicilies; the States of the Church; the grand-duchy of Tuscany; the duchies of Modena, Parma, and Lucca; the Austrian pro vs. of Venetia and Lombardy; and the San Marino Republic. Since that period, or, more strictly speaking, since its consolidation into one kingdom, completed in 1870, I. has become divided into 69 pro vs., as follows: Area. Provinces. Eng. Pop. (1871.) Capitals. aq.m. PIEDMONT AND LIGURIA: A le and ria, Côni, Genoa, Novara, Porto Maurizio, Turin 13,249 3,790,590 Turin. ISLAND OF SARDINIA: Cagliari, Sa ari. 9,359 621,666 Cagliari. LOMBARDY: Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Milan, Pavia, Sondrio 8,644 3,319,463 Milan. EMILIA: Bologna, Ferrara, Forli, Ma a and Carrara, Modena, Parma, Piacenza,Ravenna, Reggio....... 8,608 2,133,732 Parma. THE MARCHES: Ancona, Ascoli Piceno, Macer at a, Pesaro and Urbino......... 2,949 939,979 Ancona. UMBRIA: Perugia 3,685 549,027 Perugia. ROMAGNA: Rome (former Pontifical States)....... 4,555 729,859 ROME. TUSCANY: Arezzo, Florence, Gro eto, Leghorn,Lucca, Pisa, Siena 8,374 2,135,323 Florence. VENETIA: Belluno, Padua, Rovigo, Treviso, Udine, Venice, Verona, Vicenza, Mantua...... 9,995 2,739,897 Venice. BASILIC AT A: Potenza......... 4,121 574,991 Potenza. THE ABRUZZI AND MOLISE Aquila, Chieti, Teramo, Molise 6,700 1,291,260 Chieti. CAMP AN I A: Ben even to, Naples,Principato Citeriore, Principato Ulteriore, and Terra di Lavoro 6,791 2,770,711 Naples. APULIA: Capitan at a, Terra di Bari, Terra d'Otranto.. 8,648 1,392,866 Bari. CALABRIA: Calabria-Citra, Calabria-Ultra I., Calabria-Ultra II...... 6,660 1,140,396 Cosenza. SICILY: Cal tan i sett a, Catania, Girgenti, Me ina, Palermo, Syracuse, Trapani 10,425 2,535,333 Palermo. (Pop. (1877)) Total..... 112,766 26,605,093 This kingdom has a coast-line of abt. 3,350 m., one-third of which is insulated, the principal indentations of the sea being the gulfs of Venice, Man fred on i a, Taranto, Squill ace, Policastro, Gaëta, Spezzia, and Genoa: be sides those of As in or a and Cagliari, in the island of Sardinia, and Castella mare in that of Sicily. The latter island is divided from the Continent by the Strait of Me ina. [s. 495]