MINE

The name given generally to every system of subterraneous work or excavation which has for its object the discovery and extraction of the metallic ores or other mineral produce. But, in addition to the underground works which constitute the mine properly so called, the term usually comprehends also the ground on the surface, together with the numerous appendages which are required there; as steam-engines, water-wheels, and other machinery for drainage, the extraction of the ores, and their mechanical preparation, with various buildings and erections. The subject of mines is one of the most important within the whole range of human knowledge: their contents constitute the main-springs of civilization; and the means employed to obtain them are to be ranked among the most extraordinary instances of human enter3B 4 [s. 756]