SCHOLASTICISM

a term applied to no fixed doctrine or school, but to philosophic work extending over several hundred years; an exposition of Christian dogma on Gk. principles, aiming at the reconciliation of faith and reason; according to some, commenced in VIII. cent.—according to others, as late as the mid-XI.; in either case, was most flourishing from this latter date till the iddle of the XIV. The first scholastics 24a few Gk. philosophical writings. lato was practically unknown to them, TRAINING. nd the logical doctrines of Aristotle nperfectly understood till the XII. ont. In the XIII. his other works were TARY vailable in Latin translations by Arabic presents three points of view—the MON S. reo logical, dealing with Church dogma, he mystical, treating of personal piety, See nd the cla ical, referring to G hilosophy. From this third aspect, it ras Tnainly the old problem of ‘Uniersals’ which occupied attention, the two uestion of Realism and Nominalism the g.v.). The i ue once raised, its imtopsail ortance was immediately grasped, in the fs connection with the doctrines of the ‘rinity, the Real Presence, the Status 1860), f the Church. philosophizing modern S. has been criticized as as tingen n support of a foregone conclusion, (and somewhat unmorose, xhibiting minute speculation, but making works, 10 advance on Aristotle, as neglecting it has S. ‘istory, experience, languages; een admitted, however, to be dist in subtlety of thought in-itself. ruished by great is the nd rare development of ontological of 10tjons, an NUKE OF, Fried rich Hermann (ce. since 1650-90), soldier; distinguished under mate Turenne and in Portugal, 1660-65; entire narshal of France, 1675, but fled at ‘evocation of Edict of Nantes, 1685; second in command to Prince of Orange of England; captain-general black nm invasion 1689; slain at Battle of occurs xf Eng. forces, he Boyne.