Scholasticism

was the system of philosophy taught by the philosophers of the Middle Ages, who were called ‘ scholastics ' or ‘ schoolmen ’ because their philosophy originated in the schools instituted by, and after, Charlemagne, for the clergy. The first period (from the 9th to the 13th century) was represented by Be ren gari us of Tours and his opponent Lanfranc, by Anselm, Abelard, Peter of Lombardy, etc. The zenith of Scholasticism was constituted by Thomas A quinas, the Dominican, and Duns Scotus, the Francis can, of the 13th and 14th centuries respectively, who founded the two schools into which the movement divided.