sugar

(shig’ar) [L. sac’charum; Gr. caxxapov]. A sweet carbohydrate of various kinds, and of both animal and vegetable origin. See saccharum. The two principal groups of sugars Br, the saccharoses, having the formula C,,H,,0,,, and the glucoses, CoH,,0,; all are white, crystallizable solids, soluble in water and dilute alcohol. The saccharoses are normal or typical (beet-s., cane-s., maple-s., palm-s., malt-s. (maltose), milk-s. (lactose), and Jarch-s. (melezitose). The glucoses include ordinary glucose or dextrose (diabetic s., grape-s., liver-s., potato-s., _starch-s.), levulose (fruit-s.), invert inosite (Aeart-s., muscle-s.). Besides these. a very considerable number of artificial and other sugars are known to chemistry. beech we s., xylose. beet-s., saccharose derived from the root of the bect. Dbrain-s., cerebrose; a variety of glucose from the brain substance. cane-s., saccharose derived from sugar-cane 942