Warsaw

Formerly the capital of Poland, now capital of the Ru ian, or rather Ru ian i zed, government of Warsaw, on the left bank of the Vistula, about 300 miles east of Berlin by railway. The Poles were defeated in a three days’ battle by the Swedes, July 28-30, 1656. An alliance was formed here, between Austria and Poland against Turkey, in pursuance of which John Sobieski a isted in raising the siege of Vienna (see Vienna ), March 31, 1683. Warsaw surrendered to Charles XII., 1703. A treaty was concluded here between Ru ia and Poland, February 24, 1768. The Ru ians, placed here in 1794, were expelled by the citizens with the lo of 2000 killed and 500 wounded, and 30 pieces of cannon, April 17, 1794; the Poles were defeated, by the Ru ians at Maciejovice, near Warsaw, October 4, 1794. The king of Pru ia besieged Warsaw, July, 1794; was compelled to raise the siege in September; but it was taken by the Ru ians, November, 1794. On November 4, 1794, the Ru ian general Suwarrow, after the siege and destruction of Warsaw, cruelly butchered 30,000 Poles, of all ages and conditions, in cold blood. In August, 1807, Warsaw was constituted a duchy, and annexed to the house of Saxony. In 1813 the duchy was overrun by the Ru ians, and Warsaw made the residence of a Ru ian viceroy. A Polish revolution commenced at Warsaw, November 29, 1830. The subsequent principal events in the history of this city being intimately connected with that of the state of which it was the capital, are narrated in the article Poland.