BOUILLON

the name of one of the most distinguished historical families of France. The last Di^e of Bouillon of the first line had sold the duchy to the Bishop of Li^ge, but a new line arose towards the end of the fifteenth century. It originated with a cadet of the house of Mardc, which, at the com* menoement of the fifteenth century, po e ed the principality of Sedan. In 1482 WiUuon de la Marck, well Imown by the name of the Boar of Ardennes, seized the territory of Bouillon, belonging to the bishopric of Li^ge, and conferred it on his brother Bobert The Buhop of Li^ge attempted by force to regain it, but this Bobert, and a son of the same name who suoceeded him, were succe ful in resisting; and at the end of the war, which was brought to a dose in 1492 by the mediation of the King of France, Bobert the yoimger remained virtually, if not f ormaUy, Lord of Bouillon. The third Bobert suoceeded his father last mentioned; and having, like lus in^eoe ors, entered the service of France, was made prisoner with Francis I. at the battle of Pavi& He afterwards obtained a marshal's baton, and under the name of Marshal de Fleuranges, which was the title he a umed, is known as the author of very curious memoirs. Bobert IV., son of Bobert III., appears to have been temporarily dispo e ed by the Bishop of Li^ge, but recovered po e ion, and not only became Marshal of France, but received the title of duke, and thus became the first Duke of Bouillon of the new line. He was taken by the Spaniards at the siege of Hesdin in 1553; and three years after, when he had been liberated on his parole for the purpose of procuring the 60,000 crowns at which his ransom hJeui been fixed, died by poison. His wife was a daughter of the celebrated Diema of Poitiers. His son, Henry Bobert, lost Bouillon, which, by the treaty of Chftteau-Cambray, returned to the Bishop of Li^e, but he still preserved the title, and transmitted it to his son William Bobert, who died in 1588 without having married. The male line thus became extinct. He was survived by a sister, who married Henri de la Tour d* Auvergne, Viscount de Turenne, but died without children in 1 594. She had, however, bequeathed her po e ions to her husband, and thus the two powerful houses of Turenne and Bouillon were merged into one. This new Duke of Bouillon was one of the most distinguished personages of his time. He was at first devotedly attached to Henry IV. while he was fiirhting his way to the throne, but afterwards leagued with his enemies; and being implicated in the conspiracy which cost Marshal Biron his life, was long obb'ged to live in exile. He was restored to favour in 1606, and figured much during the intrigues in the subsequent part of the following reign; and having embraced the doctrines of the Reformed Church, became one of its most distinguished leaders. He died in 1623, leaving two sons, the younger of whom was the celebrated Marshal Turenne. The elder, named FrM^o Maurice, after serving with distinction in the Low Countries, returned to France, became a Boman Catholic, served Louis XHL, then joined the insurrection against him headed by the Count of So is sons, and helped him to gain the battle of Murf^e. During the Fronde he joined the princes, and took a prominent part in the civil war, but was reconciled to the court in 1651, obtained the title of prince, and received large acce ions of territory in exchange for the principiJity of Sedan. He died in 1652, leaving interesting memoir a of his life and times. He was Buooeeded by GoddEroi Maurice, who figured much in the wars of the period, and became great chamberlain to Louis XIY., and who died in 1721. One of brothers was the celebrated Cardinal de Bouillon, who was bom in 1644, obtained the cardinal ate when only twenty-six years of age, was long the representative the GaUican Church at Rome, made himself notorious by his vanity, ambition, and intriguing spirit^ died in 1715. 329