SPENCER, HERBERT

(1820-1903 ),' philosopher; sub-editor of Econo. mist, 1848-53; first studies were principally on social and political questions. His philosophy is based on evolution, which he defines as an integration. of matter and concomitant di ipation of motion, during which matter pa es from an indefinite incoherent homogeneity to a definite coherent heterogeneity, while the retained motion gces through a parallel transformation. His originality ee in the unique manner in which | 2®, has combined the two proce es, induction and deduction, in his endeavor re include all sciences in one comprean|J°0Sive system. His works, which are | Vety voluminous, include First Principles, eee Principles of Biology, 1864-67; 7 rinciples of Psychology, (2nd ed.), 1870- | “2%, Principles of Sociology, 1876; Prin- | “Pes of Ethics, 1892; Education, 1905. SPENCER, JOHN CHARLE = CER, 3RD EARL (78 1ets) ee statesman; M.P. for North amp ton, 1806-32; Chancellor of the Exchequer | and leader of House of Commons, 1830: took important part in carrying through Reform Bill; brought in Poor Law Amend ment Bill, 1834; main support of Melbourne administration, 1834; universally trusted.