real

[Sp.] The old unit of value in Spain. By the monetary law of June, 1864, the silver real was made to weigh 1298 grammes, 81 fine, and equivalent to 41⁄2 cents. The real has varied in value from 4% to 10 cents. re-al-gar, VOIDO ● 1726 HAVING 8. A word of Arabic origin, used by the alchemists; the sandarach a of Pliny; Fr. arsenic sulfuré rouge ; Ger. rothes rauschgelb .] 1. Min .: A monoclinic mineral, occurring but rarely in crystals, but mostly granular to compact ma ive. Hardne , 1.5-2; specific gravity, 34-36; luster, resinous; color and streak, aurora-red to orange-yellow; transparent to translucent; fracture, conchoidal; brittle. Composition: Sulphur, 29-9; arsenic, 701=100, which is equivalent to the formula AsS. Occurs in fine crystals in Hungary and Transylvania, and ma ive in many localities, frequently a ociated with orpiment (q. v.); on exposure to light changes to orpiment (q.v.). Spanish Silver Real, le than original. 2. Chem .: AsS2. A sulphide of arsenic formed artificially by heating arsenic acid with the proper proportion of sulphur. It is a fusible and volatile IMG:content-0259.png:[blocks in formation] fate, făt, färe, painting and for the production of white-fire (q. v.). re-al-işm, s. [Eng. real, a.; -ism.] 1. Art : The representation of nature as it actually appears. "On the boards of East-end theaters there had been attempts at striking realism long before." -London Daily Telegraph. 2. Metaph .: The doctrine that in perception there is an immediate or intuitive cognition of the external object. According as the truth of the testimony is, or is not, admitted, Sir W. Hamilton divides Realism ( Reid's Works , pp. 748, 749) into Natural Realism (or Dualism, from the reality of mind and the reality of matter being admitted), and Hypothetical Realism (or Dualism), in which the existence of an external world is affirmed, but the testimony of consciousne to our knowledge of its existence is denied. 3. Philos.: The doctrine that every General Term Abstract such as Man, Virtue, has real and independent existence, quite irrespective of any concrete individual determination, such as Smith. Benevolence, . (G. H. Lewes ). The doc trine is Platonic ( Arist .: Met . , xiii. 4), but attained its greatest development among the Scholastics in the later Middle Ages, when two schools of Realism existed, headed respectively by Duns Scotus (died 1308) and St. Thomas A quinas (1227-74). [SCOTISM, THOMISM.] 4. Art and Lit .: Adherence to the actual as presented in real life and nature. (Opposed to idealism. re-al-ist, s . [Eng. real , a.; -ist .] 1. Art and Literature : One who reproduces or describes nature or real life, exactly as it appears to him. (Opposed to an Idealist .) 2. Metaph .: One who admits the reality of the external world. (Opposed to an Idealist .) 3. Philos.: One who supported the doctrine of the real existence of Universals. (Opposed to a Nomi nalist .)