Berlin

(bair'lin,) a city, C. of the kingdom of Pru iaand empire of Germany, on the Spree, in the Middle Mark of Bran den burg; Lat. 52° 30' 16" N., Lon. 13° 23' 58". B., founded abt. the middle of the 12th cent., is situated in the centre of a flat plain, and, although somewhat dull and uniform, is, as regards its buildings, one of the finest of European cities. It is surrounded by a wall 7 m. in length, opened by19 gates. The river which traverses it is spanned by about 40 bridges. The street Unter den Linden is the chief promenade in B., and the Schlo Platz the principal square. B. is one of the leading manufacturing cities of Germany, its productions comprising machinery, hardware, textile fabrics, jewelry, tobacco, . It is also the seat of an extensive commerce, and the centre of the financial operations of Pru ia. B. was occupied by Napoleon I. in 1806, after the battle of Jena, and remained under French domination till 1812. Pop. (1876) 966,858. Berlin, Treaty of. The treaty signed at Berlin, July 13, 1878, by the European powers, regulating the terms of peace between Ru ia and Turkey. (q. v.) [s. 90]