Maryland

One of the 13 original States. Its e. part is level, while the w. projection, from the Blue Ridge to the W. Va. boundary, is broken and mountainous. The area is 12,210 sq. m. M. has excellent facilities for navigation in Chesapeake Bay, which extends acro the State from s. to n. Into it open numerous estuaries, the mouths of rivers, as the Potomac and Patuxent. The geological structure of the State is complicated. The w. part, within the Alleghany plateau region, is mainly carboniferous; thence follow e. acro the Appal a chi ans a succe ion of outcrops of Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous strata. Archæan rocks are found e. of the mountains, including the Blue Ridge and extending e. to Chesapeake Bay, followed by Cretaceous, Neocene, and finally, upon the e. shore, Quarter nary beds. The industries are mainly agricultural. In the w. part considerable coal is mined, and along Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic coast there is an extensive fishing industry. The principle oyster fisheries of the country are in Chesapeake Bay. In 1889, the value of farms was $175,058,550, agricultural products $26,443,364. M. was the first proprietary government established in America. Its charter was obtained from Charles I. by Sir George Calvert, and was given to his son, the second Lord Baltimore. A settlement had already been established on Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay by by Wm. Clay borne, and the early yea years of the colony were disturbed by conflicts with these earlier settlers and by the turbulence of some Puritan settlers. The Balti mores desired to establish the R. C. as the State religion; this was vigorously opposed, and at length the Ch. of England was established by William and Mary, and disabilities imposed upon Catholics and di enters. M. took an efficient part in the Revolution, was first to ratify the constitution 1788, and in 1790 ceded to the U. S. 64 sq. m. of territory for the national capital. Capital, Anna polis. Poр., 1890, 1,042,390, or 85.4 per sq. m.; colored, 218,004. Mary of Burgundy, 1457-1482. Daughter of Charles the Bold, who became the wife of Maximilian I. See FLANDERS.