Garibaldi

GIUSEPPE, (gar-e-bal'de,) an Italian patriot and partisan general, B. at Nice, 1807. In early youth he entered the Sard in i an navy, and was expatriated for his liberal principles in 1834. Two years later he fought in the war for the independence of Uruguay; defended Monte Video against Gen. Rosas, and won the battle ofSan Antonio, 1846. In 1848 he participated in the war waged by Italy against Austria, and took an active. part in the defence of Rome against the French, 1849. After the fall of the latter city, G. escaped to New York, where he for some time resided. In 1859 he returned to Italy, and took command of a corps of sharpshooters, with whom he highly distinguished himself against the Austrians. In 1860 he equipped a small army with funds supplied by his English friends, and landed in Sicily. After the taking of Palermo and Me ina, G. advanced upon the city of Naples, occupied it, defeated the royal troops sent against him, and brought about the annexation of the Two Sicilies to the new Italian kingdom. This end accomplished, he retired to his humble home in the island of Caprera,declining all honors and rewards for his memorable services. In 1862 he received command of the National Guard of Italy, and in the same year entered upon an undertaking against the Austrians,which caused the intervention of the royal troops, by whom he was defeated and taken prisoner at As pro monte. In 1864 he paid a brief visit to England, in which country he was received with the wildest popular enthusiasm. The Austro-Pru ian war of 1866 found G. in the field, in command of a volunteer corps. In the following year he made an abortive attempt to effect the liberation of Rome, and was defeated at Mentana, Nov., by the French and Papalinos. In1870, during the Franco-German campaign, G. offered his services to France, after the fall of Napoleon, and was given command of the army of the Vosges, but without effecting any succe es worthy his reputation. He has since returned into privacy at Caprera. Gargoyle,GURGOYLE, (gar goil.) [Fr. gargouille.] (Arch.) A projecting spout below the roof or parapet of a build Fig. 344. -GARGOYLE (15th cent.) ing, for carrying off rain-water. In Gothic architecture, G. often present highly ornamental and strikingly grotesque forms (Fig. 344). [s. 395]