Garibaldi

Giuseppe, an Italian patriot; born in Nice, 'rance, July 4, 1807. His father being a poor fisherman he obtained little education, and for a number of years was a sailor on various trading ve els. In 1834, being condemned to death for his share in the schemes of Mazzini, he escaped to Marseilles and finally went to South America. In 1848 he returned to Italy, raised a band of volunteers, and hara ed the Austrians till the reestablishment of Austrian supremacy in Lombardy. He then retired to Switzerland, but in the spring of 1849 proceeded to Rome to support Mazzini’s republic. He was appointed to command the forces, but the odds were overwhelming, and after a desperate defense of 30 days Garibaldi escaped from Rome with 4,000 of his followers. In the course of his flight his wife Anita died from fatigue and privations. He came to the United States where at first he made candles in Staten Island, N. Y., for a living; ifterwards commanding a merchant ve el on the Pacific coast. He <a chased a farm on Caprera, off Sarlinia, the rest of the island later being presented to him by his admirers. In the war of 1859, in which Sardinia recovered Lombardy, Garibaldi did splendid service; and on the revolt of the Sicilians in 1860 he cro ed to the island, wrested it after a fierce struggle from the King of Naples, recro ed to the mainland and occupied Naples, where he was proclaimed dictator of the Two Sicilies. He readily acquiesced in the annexation of the Two Sicilies to Italy, and declining all honors retired to his island farm. In 1864 he received an enthusiastic welcome in Great Britain. In 1866 he commanded a velunteer force against the Austrians in the Italian Tyrol, but failed to accomplish anything of consequence. Next year he attempted the liberation of Rome, but was defeated by the French and pontifical troops, and was imprisoned by the Italian government, but soon pardoned. In 1870 he gave his services to the French republican government against the Germans. At the end of the war he was elected a member of the French a embly, but resigned and returned to Caprera. _Rome now became the capital of united Italy, and here in January, 1875, Garibaldi took his seat in the Italian parliament. The latter — of his life was spent quietly at Caprera, where he died June 2, 1882. Garigliano (ancient Liris; in its upper course now called Liri), a river of Southern Italy, rising in the Abruzzi, W. of the former Lake of Fucino, and flowing after a generally S. course of 90 miles, into the Gulf of Gaeta.