Vegetation

of Europe depends on soil and climate, and it may be roughly cla ified under three heads— The Arctic Region, the Mediterranean, and the Intermediate. produces only mo es and lichens. These produce sufficient food for reindeer, (2) height has the same effect on the upper slopes of the Alps as latitude has on these low Tundras. peninsulas and islands. The characteristic plants of the peninsulas have leaves or roots specially suited to drought. Laurels and other evergreens have thick leaves in which to store water, and vines have long roots with which to draw up water from great depths. The characteristic plants of the islands and of 'he coast-lands of the peninsulas are fruits, c.g. Malrese oranges, Sicilian lemons, Corfu citrons, Barcelona nuts, Greek currants, Almerian grapes, ‘Sultana’ raisins, Turkish figs, Servian plums, Tuscan olives. evergreens there is the Intermediate region, which is more or le a region of deciduous trees and the ordinary grains and the vine. (1) The chief trees are the oak, beech, and ash the chief grains largely—for are wheat, oats, and rye (2) the vine; is grown very wine—on the sunny; slopes throughout Central Europe, e.g. at Tokay, Epemay, Reims, etc. (3) fibres, such as flax and hemp, flourish on the sites; of old forests throughout this region, which have been manured for centuries with the fibrous mould of the fallen leaves, c.g. in Ru ia and the Low Countries.