old

[WOLD.] õld, *olde, a . & adv. [A. S. eald ; O. Northumbe ald ; cogn. with Dut. oud ; Goth. altheis ; Ger, alt From the same root as Lat. alo to nourish; Goth. alan .] A. As adjective : 1. Far advanced in years or life; having lived a long time; having pa ed a prolonged existence; aged. (Applied to animals or plants.) 2. Past the middle period of life or existence. "Mistaken ble ing which old age they call." Dryden: Juvenal, sat. 10. 3. Not new; not fresh or recent; having existed for a long time. "Would he discard all his dearest, his oldest , his most trusty friends?"- Macaulay : Hist. Eng . , ch. xviii. 4. Made or produced long before; ancient, antiquated. 5. Decayed by proce of time; worn. 6. Having pa ed an existence of any specified duration; as, five years old ; a month old . 7. Formerly existing; ancient. "It was seide to olde men: thou shalt not sle." - Wycliffe: Matthew v. 8. Existing or subsisting before something else; former, previous; as, to build a house on the site of an old one. 9. Long past; as, old times. Old Catholics, s . pl . Church Hist: The name a umed by a body of German priests and laymen who refused to accept the dogma of Papal Infallibility, and, in con sese par ate body. It was e entially a University movement, for the German bishops who had left Rome to avoid voting-Hefele among the number afterward submitted. Van Schulte, a profe or at Prague, published a formal protest; then came the Nuremberg protest of "Catholic profe ors" (Aug. 1870). Father Hyacinthe's "Appel aux Evêques" followed in La Libertà early in 1871, and (March 28) Dr. Dollinger set forth his reasons for withholding his a ent" as a Christian, a theologian, an historical student, and a citizen." Dollinger and Fried rich were immediately excommunicated. In September following, a congre was held at Munich, when it was resolved to seek re-union with the Greeks. In 1872 a second congre was held at Cologne, at which Dean Stanley was present, and sent an account to the London Times , which aroused much interest all over the world. On Aug. 11, 1873, Dr. Reinkens was consecrated at Rotter dam by Dr. Hey de Kamp, Jansenist Bishop of Dev enter, and, in 1876, Dr. Reinkens consecrated Dr. Herzog. The first synod (1874) made confe ion and fasting voluntary; the second (1875) reduced the number of feasts, and admitted only such impediments to marriage as were recognized by the State; the third (1876) permitted priests to marry, but forbade them to officiate after marriage. This prohibition was annulled by the fifth synod (1878), and, in consequence, Fried rich, Reusch, and some others withdrew. Congregations of Old Catholics exist in Austria, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, France, and Mexico, but their numbers are small. In Germany they seem to be dwindling away, but the protest of Döllinger and his fellows will remain an important landmark in religious history. old-clothes man, s. One who deals in old or cast-off clothes. Old Continent, s. 1. The continent of Europe. 2. The Eastern Hemisphere, as distinguished from the New Continent of North and South America, Old Country, s. A name given to his mother country generally by any colonist or emigrant. old-faced, a. 1. Ord. Lang.: Looking old and venerable. "Ten times more dishonorably ragged than an old- faced ancient."- Shakesp .: Henry IV ., Pt . I. , iv. 2. 2. Print .: Applied to type with a face resembling that of the tyre used by the early printers who employed Roman characters. This line is set in old-faced type. IMG:content-0266.png:[blocks in formation] II. Technically : 1. Bot .: Artemisia abrotanum . 2. Mining : Stuff which has been worked upon before; working left by the old men, meaning ancient miners. (1) Old Man of the Mountain : [MOUNTAIN, (1).1 (2) Old Man of the Sea : The old man, in the Arabian Nights , who leaped on and clung to the back of Sinbad the Sailor, refusing to let go or dismount; hence, any intolerable burden, bore, or nuisance which one cannot get rid of. Old Man's Beard: IMG:content-0267.png:[blocks in formation] pine, pit, sire, sir, marine; gō, pot, IMG:content-0268.png:[blocks in formation] oil of O. cuspid at a is antiperiodic, as are the bark and leaves of O. glandulifera . The flowers of 0 . fragrans are used in China for flavoring tea. 2. Pl .: A tribe of Oleaceae, having for its fruit a drupe or berry. Old World Monkeys : [CATARRHINE, MONKEY.] Old World Vultures : [VULTURINE.] IMG:content-0269.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0270.png:[blocks in formation] obtained from almond oil by the action of alco- Chem.: C18H33O.N.H2. An amide of a fatty acid, holic ammonia. It is crystalline, insoluble in water, but soluble in warm alcohol. Melts at 81°. ō-le-ăn-der, s. [Fr. oléandre ; Ital. oleandro; Sp. eloendro ; Port. eloendro , loendro ; Low Lat. arodendrum, loran drum ; by Mahn and Littré con- India, now naturalized in many warm countries. A decoction of its leaves forms a wash used in the south of Europe to destroy cutaneous vermin; the powdered wood and bark are used at Nice as the basis of a rat-poison. Sweet-scented Oleander is wild in central India, Sind, Afghanistan, and the outer Him a lay as to 5,500 feet. Often cultivated in India, . All parts of the plant, especially the root, are poisonous. "A fairy bride from Italy With smells of oleanders in her hair." Entom.: Chœrocampa nerii. Fore wings, pale rosy-gray, with blotches of dull green, and wavy whitish streaks. The larva feeds on the oleander. ō-le-as-tër, s . [Latin=the oleaster, from olea (q. v.).] 1. Sing .: The genus Elæagnus (q. v.). 2. Pl .: Lindley's name for the Eleagnacese. IMG:content-0271.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0272.png:[blocks in formation] an alcoholic solution of oleate of sodium with acetate of lead, and washing the result. It dries in a vacuum to a white light powder, di olves slowly in cold, but more quickly in boiling ether. ō-lěc-ra-nal, a . [OLECRANON.] Of or pertain- ing to the olecranon. kind of tree." - Browne: Miscellanies, tract i. Ō-lê-roń, s . [See def.] "There is a Machiavelian plot, Tho' every nare olfact it not." IMG:content-0273.png:[blocks in formation] Öl-1-go-çēne, a. [Pref. oligo- , and Gr. kainos = recent.J Geol.: A term employed by Beyrich to designate certain Tertiary beds of Germany (Mayence, .). It includes the Lower Miocene and part of the Upper Eocene of the earlier works of Lyell, who adopts the name in the last edition of his Student's IMG:content-0274.png:[blocks in formation] Elements of Geology . [EOCENE, MIOCENE.] ol-i-go-che-ta, s. pl. [Pref. oligo- , and Greek garden or potherbs. Min.: A mineral belonging to the felspar group of uni silicates. Crystallization, triclinic, but rarely occurring in distinct crystals; twin-crystals resem- ble those of albite. Hardne , 6-7; specific grav- ity, 2-56-2-72; luster, vitreous, somewhat greasy; color, various shades of gray, white; transparent gat a , behind the anterior pyramids. õl'-I-var-ý, a. [Lat. olivarius , from oliva =an olive.] Resembling an olive. olivary-bodies, s . pl . to sub-translucent; sub-translucent; fracture, conchoidal, sometimes uneven. Composition: Silica, 62'1; alumina, 23-7; soda (partly replaced by lime), 14·2=100. Dana recognizes four varieties: (1) Cleavable, crystal lized or ma ive; (2) Compact ma ive, including much felsite; (3) Aventurine oligoclase, or Sun- stone: (4) Moonstone; most of which, however, is referable to orthoclase. A frequent constituent of eruptive and metamorphic rocks. 1. Ord. Lang.: An elephant. 2. Mus .: The name of an obsolete species of horn, admixture of oligoclase and hornblende. When so called because it was made of ivory. IMG:content-0275.png:[blocks in formation] Our oligarchal tyrants have to boast, Are poor barbarians." clusive cla ; the members of such a cla or body. "The government was in the hands of a close oligarchy of powerful burghers."-Macaulay: Hist . Eng . , ch. ii. ol-1-ġist, s . [Gr.oligistos, irreg. sup. of oligos IMG:content-0276.png:[blocks in formation] tidse. Twelve species are known, from India, Cey- lon, and the Philippines. 0l-i-go-don-ti-dæ, s . pl . [Mod. Latin oligodon , gen it. oligodont ( is ); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idœ .] Zool .: A family of Ground Snakes, separated from the Calamari ide. There are four genera, with forty species, mostly from the Oriental regions. ( Wallace .) IMG:content-0277.png:[blocks in formation] mountainous parts of India and Australia. Enormous quantities of olives are produced in southern California, those from the vicinity of Santa Barbara being considered especially good in quality. The unripe fruits are pickled, and the ripe olives used for the manufacture of olive-oil (q. v.). 2. Chem.: When ripe, olives weigh about 30 grains each, and contain 25 per cent. of water, and 69 per cent. of fat. When scarcely formed they contain a considerable quantity of mannite, which disap pears as the fruit ripens. B. As adj.: Pertaining or relating to the olive; of the color of the olive; tawny. Olives of Beef , Beef olives: Slices of beef rolled, seasoned, and fried.