BLOCKADE

In international law. A marine investment or beleaguering of a town or harbor. A sort of circumvallation round a place by which all foreign connection and correspondenee is, as far as human power can effect it,- to be cut off. 1 C. Rob. Adin. 151. It is not nece ary, however, that the place should be invested by land, as well as by sea, 1n order to constitute a legal blockade; and, if a place be blockaded by sea only, it is no violation of belligerent rights for the neutral to carry on commerce with 1t by inland communications. 1 Kent, Comm. 147. The actual investment of a port or p.Jace by a hostile force fully competent, under ordinary circumstances, to cut off all co=uni cation therewith, so arranged or disposed as to be able to apply its force to every point of practicable acce or approach to the port or place so invested. Bouvier; The Olinde Rodrigues (D. C.) 91 Fed. 274; Id., 174 U. S. 510, 19 Sup. Ct. 851, 43 L. Ed. 1065; U. S. v. The William Arthur, 28 Fed. Oas. 624; The Peterhofl', 6 Wall. 50, 18 L. Ed. 564; Grinnan v. Edwards, 21 W. Va. 347. It is called a "blockade de facto'' when the usual notice of the blockade has not been gi"ven to the neutral powers by the government causing the investment, in consequence of which the blockading squadron has to warn off all approaching ve els. -Paper blockade. The state of a line of coast proclaimed to be under blockade in time of war, when the naval force on watch is not sufficient to repel a real attempt to enter.-Public blockade. A blockade which is not only established in fact, but is notified, by the government directing it, to other governments; as distinguished from a simple blockade, which may be established by a naval officer acting upon his owu discretion or under direction of superiors, without governmental notification. The Circa ian, 2 Wall. 150, 17 L. Ed. 796.-Simple blockade. One established by a naval commander acting on ·his own discretion and responsibility, or under the direction of a superior officer, but without governmental orders or notification. The Circa ian, 2 Wall. 150, 17 L. Ed. 796. [s. 145]