LANDGRAVE

or COUNT (Ger. Land, country, and Graf, count), a German title of nobility corresponding to a duke in England and a count in France. It was originally adopted by some counts, several of them of royal rank, in the 12th century to distinguish themselves from inferior counts under their jurisdiction. At the break-up of the Holy Roman empire the Ls. a umed independent sovereignty. The title is now rare, most of the landgraviates having been incorporated in the Pru ian empire. (1866), an American jurist; 6. in Millville, Ohio. He graduated from the Union College of Law, in Chicago, in 1891, and then practiced law in Chicago until 1905, except during two years, when he was private secretary to Secretary of State Gresham. He was U.S. judge for the Northern District of Mllinois from 1905 until 1922, when he resigned to devote his whole time to his duties as commi ioner for the American and National Leagues of Profe ional Baseball Clubs and the National A ociation of Profe ional Baseball Leagues, a position he had held since 1920. He was also arbiter of the building trades wage dispute and as such fixed the wages in all cla es of building trades, in Chicago, in 1921. (ELI PERKINS), (1839), an American writer and humorist; 6. in Eaton, N.Y. He graduated from Union College, in 1861, served in the Federal Army during the Civil War, emerging from that experience with the rank of major. For a while he was a cotton planter in the South, then spent some years traveling abroad, being for a while secretary of the American legation in Ru ia. He became widely popular as a writer of humorous articles. Among his books, which include serious works, are: A History of the Franco-Pru ian War, 1871; Wit, Humor and Pathos, 1875; Wit an@ Humor of the Age, 1880; Thirty Years of Wit, 1890; and Hz Perkins on Money—Gold, Silver or Bimetallism, 1895.