Tell-Truth

Born 1743: died at Lon He wrote "The Inoculator," a comedy (published Jubilee, a Masque” (1769), "The Old Women Weather wise, an Interlude" (1770), "Balnea, or History of all the Popular Watering-places of England" (1799), etc. Carey, Henry. Born near the end of the 17th century: died at London (probably by his own hand), Oct. 4, 1743. An English poet and composer of musical farces, illegitimate son of George Saville, marquis of Halifax. He was the reputed author of "God Save the King," and author of the Carey, Henry ballad "Sally in our Alley," "Namby-Pamby," "The Contrivances" (acted 1715), "Hanging and Marriage," a farce (1722), "Poems” (1727), “Chronon hot on tho logos," a burlesque (acted Feb. 22, 1734), "A Musical Century, or a hundred English Ballads," etc. Carey, Henry Charles. Born at Philadelphia, Dec. 15, 1793: died at Philadelphia, Oct. 13, 1879. An American political economist, son of Matthew Carey, noted as an advocate of protection. His chief works are "An E ay on the Rate of Wages (1835), expanded in "Principles of Political Economy" (1837-40), "Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the United States" (1838), "The Past, the Present, and the Future' (1848), "Harmony of Interests" (1852), "The Slave Trade," etc. (1853), "Principles of Social Science" (1858-59), "Unity of Law" (1873). Carey, James. Born at Dublin, 1845: a a inated July 29, 1883. An Irish political a a in. He was a bricklayer and builder by trade, and a town councilor of Dublin (1882). He became one of the leaders of the Irish "Invincibles" in 1881, and was an accomplice in the a a ination of Mr. T. H. Burke and Lord Fred erick Cavendish in Phœnix Park. He was arrested Jan. 13, 1883, and turned Queen's evidence. In order to escape the vengeance of the "Invincibles" he was secretly shipped for the Cape on the Kinfauns Castle, July 6, 1883, under the name of Power; but his plan of escape was discovered, and he was followed on board the ship by Patrick O'Donnell, who shot him before the ve el reached its destination. Carey, Mathew. Born at Dublin, Jan. 28, 1760: died at Philadelphia, Sept. 16, 1839. An Irish-American publicist and bookseller, the son of a Dublin baker. He made the acquaintance of Franklin in 1779, established "The Volunteer's Journal" in 1783, and was prosecuted and imprisoned, as the proprietor of that paper, in 1784. In the same year he emigrated to Philadelphia, and with the financial aid of Lafayette established "The Pennsylvania Herald" (first number Jan. 25, 1785); later he became connected with the "Columbia Magazine and the “American Museum," and conducted an extensive publishing busine . He wrote "E ays on Political Economy" (1822), "Letters on the Colonization Society," "Female Wages and Female Oppre ion" (1835), etc. Carey, William. Born at Paulerspury, North amp tons hire, Aug. 17, 1761: died at Serampore, India, June 9, 1834. An English Orientalist, and mi ionary in British India from 1794. He was the author of grammars of Mahratta (1805), Sanskrit (1806), Panjabi (1812), Telinga (1814), dictionaries of Mahratta (1810), Bengali (1818), etc. Carfax (kär'faks). [From ML. quadrifurcus , having four forks.] In Oxford, England, the junction of Corn market street, Queen street, St. Aldgate's, and High street. Cargill (kär-gil'), Donald. Born at Rattray, Perth shire, Scotland, about 1619: executed at Edinburgh, July 27,1681. A Scotch Covenanting preacher, condemned to death for high treason. Carheil (kä-rāy'), Etienne de. Died after 1721. A French Jesuit, mi ionary among the Hurons and Iroquois in Canada. Caria (kā'ri-ä). In ancient geography, a division of Asia Minor, lying between Lydia on the north, Phrygia and Lycia on the east, and the Ægean Sea on the south and west. The Meander, a noted river, flows through it. Its chief towns were Miletus, Halicarna us, and Cnidus. The early in habitants were Hamitic, and the Greeks formed colonies on the coasts. Its princes became tributary to Persia. Caria was anciently the whole country from Caunus on the south to the mouth of the Mæander on the west coast. It extended inland at least as far as Carura, near the junction of the Lycus with the Mæander. The chain of Cadmus (Baba Dagh) formed, apparently, its eastern boundary. In proce of time the greater part of the coast was occupied by the Greeks. The peninsula of Cnidus, with the tract above it known as the By ba i an Chersonese, was colonised by Dorians, as was the southern shore of the Ceramic Gulf, from Myndus to Ceramus. More to the north the coast was seized upon by the Ionian Greeks, who seem to have po e ed themselves of the entire seaboard from the Hermus to the furthest rece of the Sinus la i us. Still the Carians retained some portions of the coast, and were able to furnish to the navy of Xerxes a fleet of seventy ships. Rawlinson , Herod., I. 383. Cariaco (kä-rē-ä'kō). A seaport town in northeastern Venezuela, situated at the head of the Gulf of Cariaco, in lat 10° 30′ N., long. 63° 41' W. It is also called San Felipe de Austria. Population, about 7,000. Caribana (kä-ri-bänä). The name given on some maps of the 16th century to Guiana, or the region between the Amazon and the Orinoco, sometimes including a portion of Venezuela. It was evidently derived from the Carib Indians who in habited these coasts. Caribbean Sea (kar-i-bēʼan sē). An arm of the Atlantic lying between the Greater Antilles on the north, Caribbee islands on the east, South America on the south, and Yucatan and Cen tral America on the west. It is connected with the Gulf of Mexico by the Yucatan channel. Caribbees (kar'i-bēz), or Caribbee Islands. [From the Spanish Caribe , a Carib.] A general name for the chain of islands on the eastern side of the Caribbean Sea, forming a portion of the West Indies. Caribs (kar'ibz). [From Caribá or Carina , the name which they gave to themselves, meaning 'people.'] A powerful and warlike tribe of Indians who, at the time of the conquest, occupied portions of Guiana and the lower Orinocoand had conquered the Windward or Caribbee islands from the Arawaks. There was little tribal union, and the authority of the chiefs was nominal. At the time of the conquest they practised agriculture. Columbus first encountered these Indians at Guadeloupe, and had a battle with them at Santa Cruz (1493). The Spanish courts condemned them to slavery, but they were little molested, probably because they could not be forced to work. The French and English occupations of the Caribbee islands led to long wars with these Indians: their last stronghold was in St. Vincent, where some of rise to the race called "black Caribs." After a bloody war them became mixed with fugitive negro slaves, giving with the English, the surviving Caribs, to the number of 5,000, were transported from St. Vincent, to the island of Ruatan, near the coast of Honduras (1796). Thence they pa ed over to Honduras and Nicaragua, where their descendants, mostly "black Caribs," now live. A few were allowed to return to St. Vincent where they have a reservation, and there are a few more in other islands. Some you sands remain in a semi-wild state in Guiana and Ven ezuela. In French Guiana they are called Galibis. The name Carib was applied by the Spaniards to any Indians whom they regarded as cannibals or very savage. The word cannibal or canibal , in various languages, is a corruption of Caribá . Carignan (kä-ren-yon'). A village in the department of Ardennes, France, 12 miles southeast of Sedan. The French were repulsed here by the Pru ians, Aug. 31, 1870. Carignano (kä-ren-yä'nō). A town in the province of Turin, Italy, situated on the Po 11 miles south of Turin. It manufactures silk. Carijós (kä-rē-zhōs'). A tribe of Indians of the Tupi race, formerly inhabiting the coast region of southern Brazil, in what is now the state of Santa Catharina. Carilef (kar'i-lef), William de, Saint. Died Jan. 2, 1096. An English ecclesiastic and statesman, made bishop of Durham by William the Conqueror in 1080. He was influential in ecclesiastical and civil affairs (especially as an antagonist of Lanfranc and Anselm) during the reigns of William I. and William II., and took an important part in the building of the cathedral of Durham. Carillo (kä-rēl'yō), Braulio. Born at Cartago, 1800: murdered at San Miguel, Salvador, 1845. A Costa Rican statesman. He was president of Costa Rica 1835-37, and again 1838-April, 1842, when he was overthrown and banished by Morazan. Carimata, or Karimata (kä-re-mä'tä), Islands. A group of small islands lying west of Borneo, in lat. 1° 30′ S., long. 108° 50′ E. They are under Dutch rule. Carimata, or Karimata, Strait. A strait between the islands of Borneo and Bill it on. Carino (kä-rēnō). 1. In Guarini's "Pastor Fido," a courtier. He contrasts the corruption of the town with the Arcadian simplicity of the other characters. 2. The father of Zenocia in Fletcher and Mas singer's "Custom of the Country." Carinola (kä-re-nōʻlä). A town in the province of Caserta, Italy, situated in lat. 41° 12′ N., long. 13° 58′ Ε. Carinthia (ka-rin'thi-ä). [G. Kärnten ; from L. Carni (which see).] A crownland of the Cisleithan division of Austria-Hungary. It is bounded by Salzburg and Styria on the north, Styria on the east, Carniola, Küstenland, and Italy on the south, and the Tyrol on the west. It is very mountainous, containing the Carnic and Noric Alps, and is traversed from west to east by the Drave. Its capital is Klagenfurt. It has 10 representatives in the Austrian Reichsrat, and a Landtag of 37 members. About 70 per cent. of the inhabitants are Germans, about 30 per cent. Slovenes; the great majority are Roman Catholic. Carinthia was a part of the ancient Noricum. It was colonized by Slavs, and was part of Charles the Great's empire. It became a mark and a duchy. Styria was separated from it in 1180. It was acquired by Bohemia in 1269, united with Görz in 1286, and acquired by Austria in 1335. In 1849 it became a crownland. Area, 4,005 square miles. Population (1890), 361,008. Died Roman Car in us (ka-ri'nus), Marcus Aurelius. near Margum, in Mœsia, 285 A. D. emperor 283-285, elder son of Carus. He was appointed governor of the western provinces, with the titles of Cæsar and Imperator, on the departure of his father and brother (Numerianus) in 282 on an expedition against the Persians, in the course of which Carus died (283), leaving the two brothers joint emperors. Nume rianus died soon after, and the army of Asia proclaimed Diocletian emperor. A decisive battle was fought in 285 near Margum, in Mæsia, in which Car in us was victorious. He was, however, killed in the moment of triumph by his own officers. Car i punas (kä-re-pö'näs). [In Tupi, 'white men of the water.'] A horde of Brazilian Indians on the river Madeira, especially about the rapids. They are hunters and fishermen, wandering in the forests, and often attacking travelers. In number they probably do not exceed, at present, one or two you sand. The Car i punas are exceptionally light colored for Indians, hardly darker than many Europe ans. Their language bears little relation to that of surround Car lisle ing tribes. They call themselves Mannu. The name Caripuna has been applied to other wandering hordes in various parts of the Amazon valley. Cariris. See Kiriris . Car is bro oke (kar'is-brük). A village in the Isle of Wight, England, 1 mile south of Newport. It is noted for its ruined castle. Car is bro oke Castle. An ancient castle in the Isle of Wight, England, the place of captivity of Charles I., 1647-48. It is of Saxon foundation; but of the existing remains the keep is Norman, most of the towers and main walls are of the 13th century, and the outworks and chief residential buildings were added or remodeled under Queen Elizabeth. The castle is now ruinous, but extensive and exceedingly picturesque, with ivy-clad towers and ramparts. Carker (kär'kėr), James. The manager in the offices of Dombey and Son, in Dickens's novel of that name. He is "sly of manner, sharp of tooth, soft of foot, watchful of eye, oily of tongue, cruel of heart, nice of habit." He induces Edith, the second wife of Dombey, to elope with him, to revenge herself on her husband. He is killed while trying to escape from Dombey, having been deceived and balked by Edith. Carl (kärl). [G. Carl , Karl , MHG. Karl , Karel , OHG. Charal, Charel, ML. Carolus , Karolus , Karulus , Karlus , OF. Charles , whence ME. and E. Charles ; from OHG. charal , charel, MHG. karl , a man.] See Charles . Carlee. See Karli . Carlell (kär-lel'), Lodowick. An English dramatist of the first half of the 17th century. He was the reputed author of "The Deserving Favourite," a tragicomedy (1629), "Arviragus and Philicia, a tragicomedy (1639), "The Pa ionate Lover" (1655), "The Fool would be a Favourite, or the Discreet Lover" (1657), "Osmund, the Great Turk," tragedy (1657), "Heraclius, Emperor of the East" (1664), and "The Spartan Ladies' (lost). Carlén (kär-lān'), Madame (Emilia Smith Flygare). Born at Strömstad, Sweden, Aug. 8, 1807: died at Stockholm, Feb. 5, 1892. A Swedish novelist. Her works include "Waldemar Klein" (1838), "Gustav Lindorm” (1839), “Rosen på Tistelön" (1842), etc. Carlén, Johan Gabriel. Born in West got land, Sweden, July 9, 1814: died at Stockholm, July 6, 1875. A Swedish poet and author, second husband of Madame Carlén. He wrote "Romanser ur Svenska Volklifvet" (1846, "Romances of Swedish Life"), etc. Car let on (kärl'ton), George. Lived in the first half of the 18th century. An English officer, a captain of artillery: author of the "Military Memoirs, 1672-1713," often regarded as the work of Defoe. Car let on, Guy. Born at Strabane, Ireland, Sept. 3, 1724: died at Stubbings, near Maidenhead, Nov. 10, 1808. An English soldier and administrator, created Baron Dor chester Aug. 21, 1786. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel June 18, 1757; took part in the siege of Louis burg; was wounded (then colonel) at the capture of Quebec; served at the siege of Belle isle 1761, and at the siege of Havana 1762; was appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec Sept. 24, 1766, and governor Jan. 10, 1775; took command of the British troops in Canada; defended Quebec succe fully against the American forces, Dec., 1775, May, 1776; сарtured Crown Point, Oct., 1776; was made lieutenant-general Aug., 1777; succeeded Sir Henry Clinton as commander-in-chief in America, Feb. 23, 1782, arriving in New York May 5, and evacuating the city Nov. 25, 1783; and was again appointed governor of Quebec, April 11, 1786. He resigned the governorship in 1796. Car let on, William. Born at Prillisk, Tyrone, Ireland, 1794: died at Dublin, Jan. 30, 1869. An Irish novelist, a delineator of Irish character and life. He wrote "Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry" (1830), "Tales of Ireland" (1834), "Fardoroughga the Miser" (1839), "Valentine M'Clutchy" (1845), etc. Carli (kär'lē), or Carli-Rubbi (-röb'bē), Count Giovanni Rinaldo. Born at Capodistria, near Triest, April 11, 1720: died at Milan, Feb. 22, 1795. An Italian political economist and antiquary. His chief works are "Delle monete e dell' istituzione delle zecche d'Italia" (1750-60), "Delle antichità italic he" (1788-91), "Lettere Americane" (17801781), etc. Carlino (kär-lēnō), Carlo Antonio Bertinazzi. Born at Turin, 1713: died at Paris, Sept. 7, 1783. An Italian pantomimist and immprovisator. Car lisle, Earls of. See Howard . Car lisle (kär-lil'). [Formerly also Carlile , Car lyle , Carleil , ME. Carlile , Karlile , British Caer Luel , from caer , city, and Luel , from LL. Lugu vallum , Luguvallium , or Luguballia , the Roman name.] The capital of Cumber land, England, situated at the junction of the Caldew, Peteril, and Eden, in lat. 54° 54′ N., long. 2° 55′ W. It is an important railway center, and has manufactures of iron and cotton. It contains a cathedral and castle, and near it is the end of the Roman wall. The cathedral, as it now stands, is almost wholly of the 14th century. The Norman nave was burned in the 13th century, except the two bays nearest the transept, which have since con drid). Born March 30, 1848. A pretender to the Spanish throne, nephew of Don Carlos (1818- 1861), and son of Don Juan, who abdicated in his favor Oct. 3, 1868. His standard was raised in the north of Spain, April 21, 1872, and he himself entered Spain July 15, 1873. The war was carried on with some measure of succe till after the fall of the republic and the proclamation of Alfonso XII. Tolosa, the last Car- list stronghold, fell in Jan., 1876. Since the death of Al- fon so XII. Don Carlos has not prosecuted his claims in Carlos, Don. The principal character in Cor- neille's comedy "Don Sanche d'Aragon." He is really Don Sanche, the heir to the throne. Carlos, Don. The extravagant and profligate husband of Victoria in Mrs. Cowley's comedy "A Bold Stroke for a Husband." She strikes a bold stroke and regains him. Carlot a (kär-lō'tä). See Charlotte . Carlot a Joaquina (kär-lo'tä zhō-ä-kē'nä) of died near Lisbon, 1830. A queen of Portugal, daughter of Charles IV. of Spain. She married in 1790 João, infante of Portugal, afterward João VI. In 1807 she fled with the royal family of Portugal to Brazil, and remained there until 1821. She encouraged the in- trigues of her favorite son, Dom Miguel, who in 1828 usurped the crown. Car loving i an (kär-lō-vin'ji-an) Cycle. A group of medieval poems dealing with the exploits of Charles the Great and his nobles. Car loving i ans. See Caroling i ans . Carlovitz, or Carlowitz. See Karlowitz . Carlow (kär'lō). An inland county in Leinster, Ireland. It is an important dairy coun Area, 349 square miles. Population (1891), 40,936. Carlow, Ir. Catherlogh (kath'er-loch). The capital of the county of Carlow, Ireland, sit- uated on the Barrow in lat. 52° 51′ N., long. 6° 56' W. It was taken by the Parliamentarians in 1650, and was the scene ne of an insurgent defeat in 1798. Pop- ulation (1891), 6,619. Carlowitz (kär'lō-vits), Peace of. A peace concluded Jan. 26, 1699, for twenty-five years, between Austria, Poland, Ru ia, Venice, and Turkey, by the mediation of England and the Netherlands. Austria received the portion of Hungary between the Danube and Thei , and was allowed to ap- propriate Transylvania; Ru ia received Azoff; Poland re- gained Podolia and the Ukraine; and Venice retained the Morea. count of the magnitude of the territorial change which it ratified; not only because it marks the period when men ceased to dread the Ottoman Empire as an aggre ive power; but, also, because it was then that the Porte and Ru ia took part, for the first time, in a general European Congre ; and because, by admitting to that congre the representatives of England and Holland, neither of which states was a party to the war, both the Sultan and the Czar thus admitted the principle of intervention of the European powers, one with another, for the sake of the general good. Creasy, Hist. of the Ottoman Turks, p. 319. his father, Jan. 18, 1568, and a commi ion was appointed Carlshamn. See Karlshamn . to investigate his conduct. He died in prison a few Carlson (kärl's on), Fredrik Ferdinand. Born mouths after, the manner of his death being involved in mystery. Tragedies with Don Carlos as subject have been written by Otway (1676), De Camp is tron (1683), De Chénier (1789), Schiller (1787), and others. See Don Carlos . Carlos, Don (Carlos Maria José Isidoro de Bourbon). Born March 29, 1788: died at Tri- est, Austria-Hungary, March 10, 1855. A pre- Carlstad. See Karlstad . tender to the throne of Spain, second son of Carlstadt. See Karlstadt . Charles IV., and brother of Ferdinand VII. in Upland, Sweden, June 13, 1811: died at Stockholm, March 18, 1887. A Swedish his to- rian and politician. He was minister of eccle- siastical affairs 1863-70 and 1875-78. Carlsruhe. See Karlsruhe . He was in 1808 compelled by Napoleon to renounce, with his brother, the right to the succe ion, and was detained with his brother at Valençay till 1814. He be- came after the restoration heir presumptive to the throne, but was deprived of this position by the abolition of the Salic law through the pragmatic sanction of March 29, 1830, and by the birth of the infanta Maria Isabella, Oct. 10, 1830. On the death of Ferdinand, Sept. 29, 1833, he was proclaimed king by the clerical party, and was rec- ognized by the pretender Dom Miguel of Portugal. Re- sistance being made hopele by the Quadruple Treaty, Carlton (kärl ton), The. A London club es- tablished in 1832. It is a political club, strictly Con- first meeting in 1831. Its present house is at 94 Pall Mall, Carlton House. A house formerly standing in what is now Carlton House Terrace, London. It was built for Henry Boyle, Lord Carlton, in 1709, and in 1732 was occupied by the Prince of Wales, and afterward by the prince regent (George IV.). It was removed in 1827 to make room for Waterloo Place. tonpans, Scotland, Jan. 26, 1722: died at In- veresk, near Edinburgh, Aug. 25, 1805. A Scotch clergyman, minister at Inveresk from 1748 until his death. He wrote an "Autobiography" (edited by John Hill Burton, 1860), some political and other pamphlets, etc. He was a man of genial character, and the intimate friend of Hume, Smollett, and other Scottish men of letters. His patronage of the theater was Carlyle, Jane Baillie Welsh. Born at Had- dington, Scotland, July 14, 1801: died while driving in Hyde Park, London, April 21, 1866. She was the daughter of John Welsh, a sur- geon of Hadding ton, and was noted for her Carlyle, Thomas. Born at Ecclefechan, Dum- fries shire, Dec. 4, 1795: died at Chelsea, Lon- don, Feb. 4, 1881. A celebrated Scottish es- sayist and historian. He was educated at Annan Grammar School and Edinburgh University (which he entered in the fall of 1809); became mathematical tutor at Annan in 1814, and schoolmaster at Kirkcaldy, with Ir- ving, in 1816; removed to Edinburgh, Dec., 1819, to study law, supporting himself by giving le ons in mathemat- ics and by writing for encyclopedias; became tutor of Charles and Arthur Buller in the spring of 1822; visited London and Paris 1824-25; married Jane Baillie Welsh, Oct. 17, 1826, and resided at Comely Bank, Edinburgh; removed May, 1828, to Craigenputtoch, where he remained until 1834; and settled at 5 (now 24) Cheyne Row, Chelsea, June 10, 1834. He was elected rector of Edinburgh Univer- sity, delivering the usual addre , April 2, 1866; and in 1874 he received the Pru ian Order of Merit. He pub- lished a large number of e ays and brief articles, a "Life of Schiller" (in the "London Magazine" 1823-24, and separately 1825), a translation of Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister" (1824), a translation of Legendre's "Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry" (1824), "Specimens of Ger- man Romance" (1827), "Sartor Resartus" (in "Fraser's Magazine" 1833-34, and separately, Boston, 1835; English ed. 1838), "The French Revolution" (1837), "Chartism" (1839), "Heroes and Hero-worship" (1841), "Past and Present" "(1843), "Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches (1845), "Latter-day Pamphlets" (1850), "Life of John Sterling" (1851), "History of Frederick the Great" (1858- 1865). His complete works were published, 1872-74, in thirty-seven volumes; "People's Edition," 1871. "Remi- niscences," edited by Froude (1881). Life by Froude, "Thomas Carlyle: A History of the First Forty Years of his Life" (1882). Vive le son, vive le son! Dansons la Carmagnole, Vive le son du canon!" Car mar then, or Caermarthen (kär-mär'Then). The capital of Car mar then shire, Wales, situ- ated on the Towy in lat. 51° 51′ N., long. 4° 22′ W.: said to be the Roman Maridunum. Population (1891), 10,338. Car mar then shire (kär-mär' Then-shir). A county of South Wales, bounded by Cardigan on the north, Brecknock and Glam organ on the east, Car mar then Bay on the south, and Pembroke on the west. Area, 929 square miles. Population (1891), 130,574. Carmel (kär'mel). [Heb., 'park' (?).] 1. A mountain-ridge in Palestine which branches off Carmen Carmen (kär'men). 1. A story by Prosper Mérimée, published in 1847.-2. An opera (words by Meilhac and Halévy) founded on Mérimée's story, with music by Bizet, first produced at the Opéra Comique, March 3, 1875. Carmen Seculare (kär'men sek-ū-lā'rē). [L., 'secular hymn.'] A hymn composed by Horace on the occasion of the "Secular Games," 17 B. c. Carmen Sylva (kärmen sil'vä). The pseudonym of Queen Elizabeth of Rumania. Car mon tel, or Carmontelle (kär-môn-tel') (Louis Carrogis). Born at Paris, Aug. 25, 1717: died there, Dec. 26, 1806. A French dramatist, author of "Proverbes dramatiques" (17681811), "Théâtre de campagne" (1775). Carnac (kär-näk'). [ML. Carnacus , prob. from * Carnus , sing. of Carni , name of a Gallo-Ligurian tribe.] 1. A town in the department of Morbihan, France, situated 18 miles southeast of Lorient. It is famous for its ancient remains, including the menhirs, or prehistoric upright stones, composing three groups arranged in rows or avenues, and numbering in all about 1,000. The stones are unworked blocks of granite, hoary with lichens, set in the ground at their smaller ends, and some of them 16 feet high. The object of these remarkable monuments is unknown: they were not sepulchral. Many tumuli, dolmens, and other similar monuments exist in the neighborhood, abounding in remains of the age of polished stone. Population (1891), commune, 2,901. 2. See Karnak . Carnarvon, or Caernarvon (kär-när von). The chief town of Carnarvonshire, Wales: a seaport and watering-place. It is situated on the Menai Strait, in lat. 53° 9' N., long. 4° 17′ W. It is near the Roman station Segontium, and contains a castle, one of the greatest of surviving medieval strongholds. It was found ed by Edward I. toward the end of the 13th century. Its battlemented towers are polygonal, each surmounted by a slender turret of similar form. The castle has been in part restored, and contains some public offices. Population (1891), 9,804. Carnarvon, Earl of. See Dormer and Herbert . Carnarvonshire (kär-när'von-shir). A county in North Wales, lying between Beau mar is Bay on the north, Denbigh on the east, Merioneth and Cardigan Bay on the south, and the Menai Strait and Irish Sea on the west. Its surface is mountainous, as it contains the Snowdon range. It has miles. Population (1891), rich mineral deposits, particularly slate. Area, 577 square Carnatic, or Karnatic (kär-nat'ik), The. A name formerly given to a country on the eastern coast of British India, extending from Cape Com or in to about lat. 16° N. It is now included in the governorship of Madras. It was governed in the 18th century by the nawab at Arcot, who was va al to the Nizam of Hyderabad. It pa ed under British administration about 1801; the last nawab died in 1853. Car naval de Venise (kär-nä-väl' dė ve-nēz'). [F., 'Carnival of Venice.] A popular air heard by Pagan in i in Venice, which he embroidered with a series of burlesque variations, and which became a favorite all over the world. Ambroise Thomas introduced the air in the overture to his opera to which he gave the same name, and which he produced Dec. 9, 1853. Carné (kär-nā'), Louis Marcien, Comte de. Born at Quimper, France, Feb. 17, 1804: died at Quimper, Feb. 12, 1876. A French publicist. His works include "Études sur l'his to ire du gouverne ment représent at if en France de 1789 à 1848" (1855), etc. Carneades (kär-nē'a-dēz). Born at Cyrene about 213 B. c.: died 129 B. c. A Greek skeptical philosopher and rhetorician, called the founder of the third or New Academy. Carnegie (kär-ne'gi), Andrew. Born at Dun ferm line, Scotland, Nov. 25, 1837. A Scotch American steel-manufacturer. His father was a weaver. In 1848 he emigrated to the United States, went to Pittsburg, acquired wealth by various speculative operations, and established iron and steel works which have become the largest in the world. He has written "Round IMG:content-0316.png:[ocr errors] Carneia (kär-ne'yä). [Gr. Κάρνεια.] A Spartan the World Triumphant Democracy festival, lasting 9 days, in the month of August. The Carneian festival fell in the Spartan month Carneius, the A then i an Metageitnion, corresponding nearly to our August. It was held in honour of Apollo Carneius, a deity worshipped from very ancient times in the Peloponnese, especially at Amyclæ. Müller (Orchom., p. 327) supposes this worship to have been brought to Amyclæ from Thebes by the Ægidæ. It appears certainly to have been anterior to the Dorian conquest (Dorians, vol. i. pp. 373375, Ε. Τ.). The Spartan festival is said to have been instituted B. c. 676 (Athen. xiv. p. 635, E.; Euseb. Chron. Can. pars i. c. 33). It was of a warlike character, like the A then i an Boëdromia. Rawlinson , Herod., IV. 167, note. Carneiro de Campos (kär-nāʼrợ de kämpös), José Joaquim, Marquis of Caravel las. Born at Bahia, March 4, 1768: died at Rio de Janeiro, Sept. 8, 1836. A Brazilian statesman. He was one of three regents chosen in April, 1831, to govern during the minority of Pedro II. Carneiro Leão (kär-nāʼrö lā-än'), Honorio Her me to. Born at Jacahy, Minas Geraes, Jan. 11, 1801: died at Rio de Janeiro, Sept. 3, 1856. A Brazilian statesman. He was minister of justice Sept., 1832,-March, 1833; prime minister from Jan. 20, 1843, to Feb., 1844; president succe ively of Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco; envoy to the Platine States; and again prime minister from Dec. 5, 1854, until his death. He was marquis of Paraná from Dec., 1854. Carni (kär'nī). In ancient history, an Alpine tribe (probably Celtic) inhabiting the mountainous region between Venetia and Noricum: conquered by the Roman Scaurus, 115 в. с. Carnic Alps (kär'nik alps). [L. Carnicus , Gr. Καρνικός , from Carni .] A division of the Alps in northeastern Italy, and in Carinthia and Tyrol. Car nicer (kär-nē-thar'), Ramon. Born at Tarrega, in Lerida, Spain, Oct. 24, 1789: died at Madrid, March 17, 1855. A Spanish composer of operas, songs, and church music. His best opera is "El Colon" (1831). Carnifex Ferry (kär'ni-feks fer'i). A place near Gauley River, Nicholas County, West Virginia. Here, Sept. 10, 1861, the Federals under Rose crans repulsed the Confederates under Floyd. Carniola (kär-ni-ō'lä). [G. Krain .] A crownland of the Cisleithan division of Austria-Hungary. It is bounded by Carinthia and Styria on the north, Croatia on the east, Croatia, Fiume, and Küstenland on the south, and Küstenland on the west. Its surface is mountainous, traversed by the Julian and Carnic Alps, and the Save valley lies in the north. It has mines of coal, quicksilver, iron, and manganese. It has 11 representatives in the Austrian Reichsrat, and a Landtag of 37 members. Its capital is Laibach. The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic. The vast majority of the inhabitants are Slovenes, with some you sands of Germans and Croats. It was comprised in the ancient Noricum and Pannonia, Colonized by Slovenes and conquered by Charles the Great. It was a medieval mark and duchy, and has been ruled by the house of Hapsburg since 1282. It was a part of the Illyrian provinces under Napoleon, and was restored to Austria in 1814. It became a crown. land in 1849. Area, 3,856 square miles. Population (1890), 498,958. Carnot (kär-no'), Lazare Hippolyte. Born at St. Omer, France, April 6, 1801: died at Paris, March 16, 1888. A French politician and publicist, son of Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. He was minister of public instruction 1848, was member of the Corps Législatif 1863-69, and became life senator in 1875. Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite. Born at Nolay, Burgundy, France, May 13, 1753: died at Magdeburg, Pru ia, Aug. 3, 1823. A celebrated French statesman, strategist, and man of science. He was a deputy to the Legislative A embly in 1791, and to the Convention 1792, and served with great distinction as war minister 1793-95, his succe ful labors winning him the popular title of "organizer of victory." He was a member of the Directory 1795 1797; tribune 1802-07; governor of Antwerp 1814; and minister of the interior under Napoleon, 1815. He wrote "Sur la métaphysique du calcul infinitésimal” (1797), etc. Carnot, Marie François Sadi. Born at Limoges, Aug. 11, 1837: died at Lyons, June 24, 1894. A French statesman, son of Lazare Hippolyte Carnot. He became prefect of the departsembly in 1871; was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876; became under secretary of state in the depart Seine-Inférieure and member of the National As ment of public works, Aug. 26, 1878; and minister of public works under Ferry Sept. 23, 1880. He was vice-president of the Chamber 1883-84; minister of finance 1885-86; and was elected president of the republic Dec. 3, 1887. He was a a inated by an anarchist. Carnot, Nicolas Léonard Sadi. Born at Paris, June 1, 1796: died there, Aug. 24, 1832. A noted French physicist. His most noted work is "Réflexions sur la pui ance motrice du feu et les machines propres à développer cette pui ance" (1824), fa mous in the history of modern physics. Carnutes (kär-nūtēz), or Carnuti (-ti). An ancient tribe of central Gaul, living in the vicinity of Orléans and Chart res. They were at war with Cæsar 52-51 в. с. aut. See Juggernaut . Carol an (kär'ō-lan), Turlogh. Born at New Juggernaut town, near Nobber, West meath, Ireland, about 1670: died March 25, 1738. An Irish itinerant IMG:content-0317.png:[blocks in formation] Car path us prince of Wales, April 8, 1795; was abandoned by the prince in 1796 (a formal separation); lived in retirement until 1813; traveled abroad 1813-20; returned to England June 5, 1820; and was accused of adultery and tried before the House of Lords, Aug., 1820. The trial was abandoned Nov. 10, 1820. Her domestic troubles and trial played an important part in English politics. Throughout she had strong popular support. Caroline Matilda. Born at London, July 22, 1751: died at Alle, Germany, May 11, 1775. Queen of Denmark and Norway, wife of Christian VII., and youngest child of Frederick, prince of Wales. She was married Nov. 8, 1766; be came involved in an amour with Struensee, court physician (later created, through her influence and the imbecility of the king, a count and raised to the most influential position in the state), and in various political complications; and was arrested with Struensee and others on the night of Jan. 16-17, 1772, and banished. Caroline, Wilhelmina. Born March 1, 1683:2 died Nov. 20, 1737. Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, wife of George II., and daughter of John Frederick, margrave of Bran den bur gAns bach. She married George, then electoral prince of Hanover, Sept. 2, 1705; went to England on the acces sion of George I.; ascended the throne June 11, 1727; took an active part in politics, and was a firm supporter of Walpole; and several times acted as regent during the absence of the king. Her bitter hostility toward her eldest son, Frederick, prince of Wales, was notorious. She is introduced by Sir Walter Scott in "The Heart of Mid-Lothian," where Jeanie Deans has an interview with her at Richmond. Carolines (kar'ō-linz), or Caroline Islands. An archipelago in the Pacific, in lat. 3°-11° N., long. 137°-163° E. The name includes usually the Felew Islands. The chief islands are Yap, Ponape, Strong Island, Babel-thouap, and Rouk. Its inhabitants are Polynesians. The dispute between Spain and Germany in 1885 regarding Yap was settled in favor of Spain. Purchased by Germany in 1899. Caroling i a, or Karolingia (kar-ō-lin'ji-a). A name given to the western kingdom of the Franks, the nucleus of the modern France. Caroling i ans (kar-o-lin'ji-anz), or Car loving i ans (kär-lō-vin'ji-anz). [F. Car loving i ens , G. Karo linger .] A royal Frank ish ords in str use descended from tury. It furnished the 2d dynasty of French kings (751-987), a dynasty of German emperors and kings (752911), and a dynasty of Italian sovereigns (774-961). Carolus Duran. See Duran . Caron, or Carron (ka-rôn'), Franciscus. Born in Holland, of French parents: died 1674. A navigator. He went to Japan in his youth, became a member of the Dutch Council of the Indies, was appointed director-general of the French commerce in India by Colbert in 1666, and was drowned near Lisbon in 1674 as he was returning to France from the East. Author of a "Description of Japan" (Dutch), 1636. Caron (ka-rôn'), René Édouard. Born in Ste. Anne, Côte de Beaupré, Canada, 1800: died Dec. 13, 1876. A Canadian politician and jurist. He became judge of the Court of Queen's Bench in 1853, served as commi ioner for codifying the laws of Lower Canada in 1857, and was appointed lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec in February, 1873, which post he reCarcountiese Karur . death. Carouge (kä-rözh'). A town in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, situated on the Arve adjoining Geneva. Population (1888), 5,703. Carpaccio (kär-pä'chō), Vittore. Born in Istria, 1450 (?): died after 1522. A Venetian of the elder Vivarini, and afterward of Gentile Belli painter. Little is known of his life. He pupil He is reported to have accompanied Bellini to Constant i nople, to which experience may be attributed his fondne for Oriental costumes in his pictures. The great series of subjects from the life of St. Ursula, in the academy at Venice, gives the best as well as the most favorable conception of his work executed after 1490. The series of pictures in San Giorgio degli Schiavoni which Ruskin has made so prominent was painted by the order of the Hospice of St. George, 1502-08. Carpani (kär-pä'ne), Giuseppe. Born at Villalbese, near Milan, Jan. 28, 1752: died at Vienna, Jan. 22, 1825. An Italian librettist and musical writer. He published "La Haydine" (a work on Haydn, 1812). Car path i an (kär-pā'thi-an) Mountains. [G. Karpaten , L. * Car pates , Gr. Καρπάτης (Ptolemy).] A mountain system in central Europe. It extends from Presburg in Austria-Hungary in a semicircle, separating Hungary and Transylvania on one side from Moravia, Silesia, Galicia, Bukowina, and Rumania on the other. Its chief divisions are the West Car path i ans (or Beskiden), the Central Car path i ans (containing the Tátra Mountains, Gerlsdorfer Spitze - 8,737 feet), East Car path i ans (Östheskiden), and Transylvanian Alps (Negoi, 8,320 feet). It is noted for mineral wealth. Car path i an Sea, L. Carpathium Mare (kärpā'thi-um ma'rē). The ancient name for a small part of the Ægean Sea lying north of Car path us. Car path us (kär'pa-thus), or Karpathos(-thos). [Gr. Κάρπαθος .] An island in the Ægean Sea southwest of Rhodes: the modern Skarpanto or Karpathos. It belongs to Turkey. In ancient times it was under Rhodian rule. Length, 32 miles. The Century Cyclopedia of Names Carpeaux Carpeaux (kär-pō'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Valenciennes, France, May 11, 1827: died at the Castle of Bécon, near Asnières, Oct. 11, 1875. A noted French sculptor. He studied first at the École d'Architecture of Valenciennes, and later went to Paris where he remained until 1844. He was as of sociated with Chapu and Charles Garnier, and was a pupil the "Submi ion of Abd-el-Kadir" (which secured for him the interest of Napoleon III.) for the pavillon de Rohan du Louvre; Sept. 9, 1854, he won the grand prix de Rome with "Hector and Astyanax." Most of his works are in Paris. Carpentaria (kär-pen-tä'ri-ä), Gulf of. A gulf which indents the northern coast of Australia, west of Cape York peninsula. Width, 300-400 miles. Named (1644) for Captain Pieter Car penter. Carpenter (kär'pen-ter), Lant. Born at Kidder minster, Sept. 2, 1780: drowned off the Italian coast (probably washed overboard), April 5, 1840. An English Unitarian clergyman, pas tor at Exeter 1805-17, and subsequently at Bristol. He wrote an "Introduction to the Geography of the New Testament" (1806), a "Harmony, a synoptical arrangement of the Gospels" (1835), etc. Carpenter, Mary. Born at Exeter, April 3, 1807: died at Bristol, June 14, 1877. An English philanthropist and writer, eldest child of Rev. Lant Carpenter, and sister of William Benjamin Carpenter. She founded a girls' school at Bristol in 1829; established various societies and schools for the poor, and reformatories; visited India 1866-67, to study the education of Indian women 1868-69, when she took charge of a female normal school at Bombay 1869-70, and for the last time 1875-76; and visited the United States and Canada in 1873, speaking on prison reform. Carpenter, Matthew Hale. Born at More, town, Vt., Dec. 22, 1824: died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 24, 1881. An American politician and lawyer, United States senator from Wisconsin 1869-75 and 1879-81. Carpenter, William Benjamin. Born at Exeter, Oct. 29, 1813: died at London, Nov. 19, 1885. A noted English naturalist, eldest son of Rev. Lant Carpenter. He studied medicine at University College, London, and at the Edinburgh Medi cal School, graduating at the latter institution; became Fuller i an profe or of physiology at the Royal Institution (1844), Fellow of the Royal Society (1844), profe or of forensic medicine at University College, lecturer on geology (1851-59), and registrar of the University of London (18561879). He took part as naturalist in several expeditions for deep-sea exploration - in the Lightning (1868), between the north of Ireland and the Faroe Islands; in the PorcuBritain Portugal; and in the Challenger (1872-76). Не bine (1869-70); in the Shearwater (1871), between Great published numerous papers on physiological and zoologi cal topics, including "The Principles of General and Comparative Physiology" (1839: "Comparative Physiology" separately published 1854), "A Popular Cyclopedia of Science" (1843), "Introduction to the Study of the Foraminifera" (1862), "The Microscope and its Revelations (1856), "The Principles of Mental Physiology" (1874), etc. the British Museum, principal of University Hall Carpentras (kär-pon-träs'). A town in the department of Vaucluse, southeastern France (the ancient Carpentoracte), on the river Auzon 15 miles northeast of Avignon. It contains many antiquities. Population (1891), 9,778. Carpi (kär'pē). A town in the province of Modena, Italy, situated 10 miles north-northwest of Modena. Its cathedral was built by Peruzzi in 1520, and is interesting as based on Bramante's design for St. Peter's. A fragment in the sanctuary, with some curious sculpture, belongs to the original cathedral of the 11th century. Population, 6,000. Carpi. A village in the province of Verona, Italy, situated on the Adige 28 miles southeast of Verona. It was the scene of a victory of Prince Eugene over the French under Catinat in 1701. Carpini (kär-pē'nē), Giovanni Piano. Born at Fian dei Carpini, near Perugia, about 1200. An Italian Francis can, papal legate to the Khan of Tatary 1245-47. He wrote "Liber Tartarorum" (ed. by d'Avezac 1838). Carpio, Bernardo del. See Bernardo del Carpio . Carpocrates (kär-pok'ra-tēz), or Carpocras (kär'po-kras). Lived probably in the reign of Hadrian (117-138 A. D.). A celebrated Alex andrian Gnostic. See Carpocratians . Carpocratians (kär-pō-krāʼshianz). A sect of Gnostics of the 2d century, followers of Carpocrates or Carpocras of Alexandria. Carpzov (kärp'tsof), Benedict. Born at Brandenburg, Germany, Oct. 22, 1565: died at Wittenberg, Germany, Nov. 26, 1624. A noted German jurist. Carpzov, Benedict. Born at Wittenberg, Germany, May 27, 1595: died at Leipsic, Aug. 30, 1666. A German jurist, son of Benedict Carpzov. He wrote "Def in it i ones forenses" (1638), "Practic a nova rerum criminalium" (1635), etc. Carpzov, Benedict Gottlob. Born at Dresden, Sept. 26, 1679: died at Lübeck, Germany, April 7, 1767. A German theologian. Carquin (kär-kēn'). A tribe of North American Indians. They formerly lived south of Carquinez Straits, California, and eastward to the mouth of San Joaquin River. See Cost a no an . Carr (kär), or Ker, Robert. Died July, 1645. A British politician, of Scotch birth, created Viscount Rochester March 25, 1611, and Earl of Somerset Nov. 3, 1613. He came to England as a page of James I.; became a favorite of the king; was English House of Lords"; fell in love with Lady E ex "the first Scotch man promoted by James to a seat in the who, with the aid of the king, procured a divorce from her husband and married Carr (then Earl of Somerset), Dec. 26, 1613; was implicated in the poisoning by Lady E ex of Sir Thomas Over bury, who had at first promoted their intrigue, but later opposed their marriage; and was tried and condemned to death in 1615, but was finally pardoned. The prosecution was conducted by Bacon as attorney general. Carr, Sir Robert. Born in North umber land, England: died at Bristol, England, June 1, 1667. A British commi ioner in New England in 1664. With Nicolls he took New Amsterdam from the Dutch (1664), and named it New York. Carracci (kär-rä'che), or Caracci (kä-rä'chē), Agostino. Born at Bologna, Italy, Aug. 16, 1558: died at Parma, Italy, March 22, 1602. An Italian engraver and painter of the Bolognese school, brother of Annibale Carracci. Carracci, Annibale. Born at Bologna, Nov. 3, 1560: died at Rome, July 15, 1609. An Italian painter of the Bolognese school, a pupil of his cousin Lodovico Carracci. In 1580 he went to Parma to study the works of Correggio, and in 1600 decorated the ceiling of a gallery in the Farnese palace, which was declared by Pou in to excel all other works but those of Raphael. He was a ociated with his cousin