Truth

is often to each very much what he troweth... nothing exists but states of mind; and true wisdom consists in transforming the disagreeable into agreeable sensations.... Objects are known only through the prism of our impre ions.” So that to this school “man was the measure of all things, and knowledge only the result of sensations ”—which indeed is Locke's ideology. Aristotle. See Per i pate tiks. Arius. Areios. Arianism. As a presbyter, or a bishop, of Alexandria, Arius bravely attempted to advocate a more rational Christianity. He started the “great heresy” about 318 A.c.; and his doctrine was regarded as a revival of the Sabellianism (see Sabellius) of the preceding century, He called in question the eternity (and thus the god-head) of Christ; his atonement; and the Trinitarian dogma. He was thus the founder of Erastians, Socinians, Unitarians, and Rationalists (see under Theism): for his heresy did not merely hang on a Greek Jota—as in the dispute of Homoousion and Homo i ous i on: it attacked with great effect the foundations of ancient, mediaeval, and modern orthodoxy. For Arius said: “the Father only is God; the unbegotten, eternal, wise, good, and unchangeable”; but that God did not create the world himself, but used an agent— his Son or Logos—whom he created for this purpose, and who then became prior to all other existences. The Logos he held to be the perfect image of the Father; the executor of his thoughts; and so the real creator of the world of matter and spirit (see Smith’s Dicty. Christian Biography). Only in a secondary sense did Arians call Christ god; for, as the Logos and Sophia (reason and wisdom) of God, he was only “ the first Ktisma or creature,” and not (said Arius) of the e ence (ousia) of God. He was created—out of nothing—by the will of the Father, before all conceivable time; but is therefore not, strictly speaking, eternal, nor unchangeable save in moral goodne ; and he “ grew in power, wisdom, and knowledge.” He had a human soul (psukheé), and: an animal (dlogos) soul—words not applicable to the rational soul (nous or pneuma). 165