Aniline

an organic substance used as the basis of brilliant and durable dyes. It is found in small quantities in coal-tar, but the aniline of com- Animal; merce is obtained from benzene or benzole, a constituent of coal-tar, consisting of hydrogen and carbon. It is a colorle oily liquid somewhat heayier than water, with a peculiar vinous smell, and a burning taste. Its name is derived from anil, the Portuguese and Spanish name for indigo, from the dry distillation of which substance it was first obtained by the chemist Unverdorben in 1826. The manufacture of aniline or coal-tar dyes as a branch of industry was introduced in 1856 by Mr. Perkin of London,: Animal, an organized and sentient living being. Life in the earlier — of natural history was attriuted almost exclusively to animals. With the progre of science, however, it was extended to plants. In the case of the higher animals and plants there is no difficulty in a igning the individual to one of the two great kingdoms of organic nature, but in their lowest manifestations, the vegetable and animal kingdoms are brought into such immediate contact that it becomes almost impo ible to a ign them precise limits, and to say with certainty where the one begins and the other ends. From form no absolute distinction can be fixed between animals and plants. Many animals, such as the sea-shrub, sea-mats, etc., so resemble plants in external appearance that they were, and even yet popularly are, looked upon as such.