David

In his flight, after the defeat at Gibeon, he slew Joab's brother, Asahel, who was pursuing him. Later, when he was about to effect a compromise with David prejudicial to Joab's interest, Joab treacherously slew him. Abney (ab'ni), Sir Thomas. Born at Willesley, Derby shire, Jan., 1640: died at Theobalds, Hertfordshire, Feb. 6,1722. A London merchant (originally a fishmonger), sheriff of London and Middle sex 1693-94, one of the original directors of the Bank of England, and Lord Mayor of watts who for the last he was a friend and patron London, 1700-01. He of Dr. with the Abneys. Abnoba (ab'no-ba). In ancient geography, a mountainous region in Germany, containing the sources of the Danube: the modern Black Forest. Also called Silva Marc i an a and Montes Rauraci . Åbo (ä'bo; Sw. a'bō). A seaport, capital of Abo-Björneborg, Finland, in lat. 60° 26′57′′ Ν., long. 22° 17′ 3" E.: the capital of Finland before 1819. It was founded by Eric the Saint in the 12th century, is the see of an archbishop, and was the seat of a university which was removed to Helsingfors in 1827. Population (1890), 31,671. Abo, Peace (Treaty) of. A treaty between Ru ia and Sweden, signed Aug. 18, 1743, by which Ru ia acquired the southern part of Finland as far as the river Kymen and secured the election of an ally as Prince Royal of Sweden. Aboab (ä-bō'äb), Isaac. A Hebrew scholar who flourished at Toledo about 1300. He was the author of "Shulchan hapanim" (table of showbread), which is lost, and of "Menorath hamaor" (the light), a collection of legends made from an ethical and religious point of view, composed in seven parts to correspond with the seven branches of the temple candlestick (menorah). This work became very popular among the Jews everywhere, and was translated into Spanish and German. Aboan (a-bō'an). A slave in Southern's play "Oronooko": a fine though secondary char acter. IMG:content-0017.png:[blocks in formation] which are largely used in the Jewish liturgy. He com mented on the entire Bible except the earlier prophets; drew the distinction between faith and reason, tradition and criticism; was the first biblical critic; wrote a work on Jewish philosophy and a metrical treatise on the game of che ; and traveled extensively in France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Africa, and England. He was known to medieval scholars as Avenare , said to be a corruption of Abraham Judæus . Abraham Cupid. See Adam Cupid . Abraham i tes (a'bra-ham-its). 1. A branch Abt Abou ben Adhem (ä'bö ben ä'dem). The title him) of Antioch, its founder.-2. A small of a short poem by Leigh Hunt. Abou-Ha an. See Abu - Ha an . Abou-Klea. See Abu - Klea . About (ä-bö'), Edmond François Valentin. Born at Dieuze, France, Feb. 14, 1828: died at Paris, Jan. 17, 1885. A French novelist, journalist, and dramatist. He studied archæology at the French school in Athens, and after returning to France in 1853 wrote for the "Moniteur," "Soir," etc. Napoleon III. made use of his pen in political work for many years. In 1872 he was arrested by the Germans for shooting a German sentry, but was released. With Sarcey he founded the "XIX me Siècle." In 1884 he was elected an academician. Among his works are "La Grèce contempo raine," a satire on the manners and morals of the Greeks (1855), "La question romaine," an attack on the papacy (1860), "Alsace" (1872), "Les mariages de Paris" (1856), "Le roi des montagnes" (1856), "Germaine" (1857), "Trente et quarante” (1858), “L'homme à l'oreille ca ée" ("The Man with the broken Ear": 1861), "Le nez d'un notaire" ("The Nose of a Notary": 1862), "Le cas de M. Guérin" (1863), "Madelon" (1863), Leroman d'un brave homme" (1880), etc. Abra (ab'rä). 1. A character in the romance of "Amadis of Greece," the sister of Zario, the sultan of Babylon. She succeeds to the throne of Babylon, after her brother has been killed by Lisuarte whom she loves and finally marries. 2. The favorite concubine of Solomon, a character (of remarkable docility) in Prior's poem "Solomon on the Vanity of the World." Abra was ready ere I called her name; And, though I called another, Abra came. ii. 364. Absalom (ab'sa-lom). (Heb., 'father of peace.'] 1. The third son of David, king of Israel. He rebelled against his father, and was defeated and slain in the forest of Ephraim. sect of Bohemian deists living in the neighbor- Abruzzo Ulteriore II. An old name of the hood of Pardubitz. They rejected nearly all the province of Aquila, Italy. doctrines of the church, and profe ed to adopt the reli- gion of Abraham before his circumcision. Abraham-man (a'bra-ham-man). Originally, a mendicant lunatic from Bethlehem Hospital, London. The wards in the ancient Bedlam (Bethlehem) bore distinctive names, as of some saint or patriarch. That named after Abraham was devoted to a cla of lunatics who on certain days were permitted to go out begging. They bore a badge, and were known as Abra ham - men. Many, however, a umed the badge with out right, and begged, feigning lunacy. Hence the more common meaning came to be an impostor who wandered about the country seeking alms, under pretense of lunacy. From this came the phrase to sham Abraham , to feign sickne . Abraham New land. See New land . Abraham's Oak. An ancient oak or terebinth which long stood on the plain of Mamre, near Hebron in Syria, and was believed to be that under which the patriarch pitched his tent. Wheeler , Familiar Allusions. Abraham the Jew and the Merchant Theodore. A medieval story, invented in support of the worship of images. "Theodore, ruined by a shipwreck and repulsed by his friends, borrows money from Abraham, invoking, as his only security, the great Christ set up by Const an tine in the copper-market before the palace at Byzantium. Again Theodore loses all, and again the Jew trusts him. Theodore sails westward, and this time prospers. Wishing to repay Abraham, but finding no me enger, he puts the money in a box, and commits it, in the name of Christ, to the waves. It is washed to the feet of the Jew on the shore of the Sea of Marmora. But, when Theodore returns, Abraham, to try him, feigns that he has not received it. Theodore requires him to make oath before the Christ. And as Theodore, standing before the image, pa ionately prays, the heart of his benefactor is turned to faith in the surety of the friendle ." Jebb , Greek Lit., p. 155. Abrahen (ab'ra-hen). A character in Chap Abrabanel (ä-brä-bä-nel'), Isaac. Born at Lisbon, 1437: died at Venice, 1508. A Jewish scholar and statesman. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. He was treasurer of Al- fon so V., king of Portugal. On the death of this king he was deprived of his fortune, and being obliged to quit Portugal (1481), went to Madrid, where he remained eight years in the service of Queen Isabella. Forced to quit man's tragedy" "Revenge for Honour": the after the expulsion of the Jews (1492), he proceeded to Naples and entered the service of King Ferdinand, and thence to Sicily and Corfu. He was a writer of distinction in the fields of philosophy and biblical exegesis. Also Abarbanel, Abravenel , Barbanella . A brad at as (ab-ra-da'tas). A king of Susa, first an enemy, then an ally, of the Persians under Cyrus. In the "Cyropædia" of Xenophon is told as an episode (our earliest sentimental romance) the story of the loves of A brad at as and his wife Pan the i a, which ends with the death of A brad at as in battle and the suicide of Pan the i a and her eunuchs. second son of the calif. Abram (a'bram). 1. See Abraham .-2. In Shakspere's "Romeo and Juliet," a servant to Montague. Abrantes (ä-brän'tes). A town in the district of Santarem, province of Estremadura, Portugal, situated on the Tagus at the head of navigation, about 75 miles northeast of Lisbon. It was the starting-point of Junot in his march on Lisbon. Population, about 6,000. of the patriarchs and the founder of the Hebrew race. Many critical scholars do not consider Abraham a historical figure. The narrative in the 14th chapter of Genesis is especially considered historical and ancient. The date of the events there narrated is fixed by Hommel at 2150 B. C.; according to the usual chronology, 1918 в. с. Abraham is equally revered by Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans. He was buried in the cave of Machpelah (the double cave) at Hebron, now said to be inclosed by the Great Mosque (Haram) of that place. Abu - ramu or Abram , Abraham's original name, occurs on early Babylonian contract-tablets. Sayce, Anc. Monuments, p. 53. Abraham, Plains of, or Heights of. An elevated plain just beyond Quebec to the southwest, along the river, the scene of the battle of Quebec. See under Quebec . Abraham a Sancta-Clara (ä'brä-hämä sänk'tä kläʼrä). Born at Krähenheimstetten, near Me kirch, Baden, July 2, 1644: died at Vienna, Dec. 1, 1709. Hans Ulrich Megerle (or Meger Calmon du Pin e Almeida , Miguel . Abreu (ä-brā'ō), João Capistrano de. Born in Ceará, Brazil, 1852. A Brazilian historian. For many years he has resided at Rio de Janeiro, where he has been a istant in the National Library, and profe or in the Pedro Segundo College, and has been connected with various journals. Abreu, José de. Born at Porto Novo, Rio Grande do Sul, about 1775: killed at the battle of Ituzaingó, Feb. 20, 1827. A Brazilian general. He was of obscure parentage and enlisted as a common soldier, but rapidly rose in rank and was one of the most distinguished Brazilian leaders in the campaigns against Artigas, 1816 to 1820. In the latter year he became field marshal, and in 1826 was created Baron of Serro Largo, taking part in the Uruguay an campaign under the Mar quis of Barbacena. Abrocomas, or Habrocomas, and Anthia (a- (or ha-) brok'ō-mas and an thi-ä). An old Greek romance by Xenophon of Ephesus. It recounts the adventures of the two lovers so named before and subsequent to their marriage. 2. A character in Dryden's satire "Absalom and Achitophel": an undutiful son, intended to represent the Duke of Mon mouth. Absalom, Tomb of. A tomb so named, in Jerusalem. It consists of a rock-cut basement 19 feet square and 20 high, surmounted by a Phenic i an concave cornice of Egyptian type, above which is an attic of masonry supporting a cylinder capped by a tall concave cone. At the corners of the basement are cut pilasters with Ionic columns as antæ, and there are two Ionic semi-columns on every face. Above the architrave is a Doric triglyph frieze of late type. Absalom and Achitophel (ab'sa-lom and akit'o-fel). A poetical satire by John Dryden (published 1681), directed against the political faction led by the Earl of Shaftesbury. The second part was written by Tate and revised by Dryden, and was intended to show up the minor characters of the contending factions. The succe of this attack upon Shaftesbury was unprecedented, and the satire has been said to be "the first in the language for masculine insight and for vigour of expre ion." Absalon (äb'sä-lon). Born 1128: died at Soröe, Zealand, Denmark, 1201. A Danish prelate, statesman, and warrior, archbishop of Lund and primate. Also Axel . Absaroka (äb-särō-kä). [Named from a species of hawk, but commonly styled 'the Crow.'] A tribe of the Hidatsa division of North American Indians. They number 2,287, and are on the Crow reservation in Montana. See Hidatsa . Abschatz (äp'shäts), Hans A mann, Baron von. Born at Würbitz, Silesia, Feb. 4, 1646: died April 22, 1699. A German poet, trausla tor of Pastor Fido" from the Italian of Guarini, and author of sacred hymns still in use in Protestant churches. A selection of his poems was given by W. Müller in "Bibliothek deutscher Dichter des 17. Jahrh." (1824). Absecon (ab-se'kon). The name of a bay and an inlet on the coast of New Jersey, northeast of Atlantic City. Also written Absecum . Absentee (ab-sen-te'), The. One of the tales in the series "Tales from Fashionable Life," by Mi Edge worth, published in 1812. Absolon (abs on Pun Chaucer's Miller's Tale," an amorous parish clerk who comes to John. Born at Lambeth, London, May 6, 1815. An English painter, best known from his water-colors. Absoning of the carpenters wife Absolute (ab'sō-lut), Sir Anthony. A famous character in Sheridan's comedy "The Rivals," an obstinate, pa ionate, self-willed, but generous old man. The following pa age exhibits his temper: " Sir Anth . So you will fly out! Can't you be cool like me? What the devil good can pa ion do? Pa ion is of no service, you impudent, insolent, over-bearing reprobate! There you sneer again! don't provoke me! but you rely upon the mildne of my temper you do, you dog! you play upon the meekne of my disposition! Yet take care, the patience of a saint may be overcome at last! but mark! I give you six hours and a half to consider of this; if you then agree, without any condition, to do everything on earth that I choose, why, confound you! I may in time forgive you." Sheridan, Rivals, il. 1. Absolute, Captain. In Sheridan's "Rivals," the son of Sir Anthony, a spirited soldier and persistent lover who appears as the impecunious Ensign Beverley (and is thus his own rival) to win the affections of the romantic Lydia the coast of West Australia, about lat. 28°-29° S. lin), an August in i an monk, court preacher at Vienna and satirical writer. He wrote "Judas the Arch-rascal" ("Judas der Erzschelm"), a satirico-reli- Abrolhos Rocks. A group of islets and reefs off gio us romance (1686); "Gack, Gack, Gack a Ga of a marvellous hen in the duchy of Bavaria, or a detailed account of the famous pilgrimage of Maria Stern in Taxa" (1687), etc. His collected works fill 21 volumes. Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra (a'bra-ham the coast of Brazil, about lat. 18° S. Abrudbánya (ob'rúd-bän "yo). A town in the county of Unterwei enburg, Transylvania, Austria-Hungary, about 28 miles northwest of Karlsburg: the chief point in the Transylvanian gold region. Population, about Abrutum. Abricium in Mœsia. See Decius. Abruzzi and Molise (ä-bröt'sē and mō-lē'ze). A compart i men to in the modern kingdom of Italy, containing the provinces Chieti, Teramo, ben ma-er' 'b'n ez'rä). Born at Toledo, 1092: died 1167. A celebrated scholar of the Jewish Arabic period in Spain, a philologist, poet, mathematician, astronomer, and Bible commentator. He had a good knowledge of Hebrew and Arabic grammar, and wrote a treatise on Hebrew grammar, "Sefer moznaïm" (book of weights); also 150 poems, 4,000. able as the son of Sir Anthony Absolute. Absyrtus (ab-ser'tus). [Gr. Αψυρτος.] In Greek legend, the brother of Medea, who cut him in pieces and threw the fragments one by one into the sea to delay her father (who stopped to pick them up) in his pursuit of her and Jason. According to another legend he was slain by Jason. See Jason . Abt (äpt), Franz. Born at Eilenburg, Pru ian Saxony, Dec. 22, 1819: died at Wiesbaden, March 31, 1885. A German composer, noted chiefly for his popular songs ("When the Swallows homeward fly," etc.). Abu (ä'bö). A mountain, 5,600 feet high, in Rajputana, India, about lat. 24° 45′ N., long. 72° 40′ E., the chief seat of the Jain worship. Its slopes are covered with temples and tombs. Also Aboo . Abu-Arish (ä'bö-ä'rish or-ä'rēsh). A town in southwestern Arabia, 24 miles from the Red Sea, about lat. 16° 55′ N., long. 42° 40′ E. Popu- lati on, about 8,000. Abul Kasim Mansur (ä'böl kä-sēm'män-sör'). Born at Shadab, near Tus, in Khorasan, about 940: died 1020 at Tus. The great epic poet of Persia, called Firdusi (more correctly Fir- dausi the Paradisiac, from Firdaus , Paradise). He was the author of the "Shahnamah," an epic of about 60,000 novinha distichs, that sings the frete deeds of Iranian de mano and Per the fall of the Sa anide (641 A. D.), and contains many of the ancient epic traditions of the Iranians. He lived long Abu-Nuvas (ä'bö-nö'vas). Died 815. An Arabic lyric poet who lived at the court of the califs of Bagdad. His songs of love and wine are among the most notable in Arabian poetry. Aburi (ä-bö'rē). A town 15 miles back of Akrá, West Africa. Owing to its altitude, it is used as a sanatorium by British officials and residents, as also by the Basel Mi ion, which has there an excellent industrial school. Population, 5,000. Abu-Habba (ä'bö-häb'ä). An Arab village about 16 miles southeast of Bagdad. Excavations Abushehr. See Bushire. Abu-Simbel (ä'bö-sim'bel), or Ipsambul (ip- säm'böl). The ancient Abuncis or A boccis, a place in Upper Egypt situated on the Nile about lat. 22° 25′ N., famous for its two rock- temples, one large and the other smaller, built in the steep face of a cliff by Rameses II. For the great temple the rock has been cut away to form a smooth façade about 100 feet wide and high, with a cornice of seated cynocephali. Before the façade are four enthroned colo i of Rameses, about 66 feet high, and comparatively perfect except for the splitting away of the head and arms of one. Over the central portal, in a rectangular niche, is a figure of Ra the sun-god. The first chamber of the interior is a large hall with 8 Osiride piers, and mural sculptures portraying the military deeds of Rameses. Beyond is a smaller pillared hall, then a vestibule before the sanctuary, which contains seated figures of Amen, 8 lateral chambers, irregularly placed, are reached. The total depth in the rock of this temple is over 200 feet. The façade of the smaller temple displays six rectangular niches containing colo al figures in high relief. Between the two central niches is the portal, which leads to a hall supported by 6 square piers with Has or capitals. From the hall extends a corridor with two small chambers and a sanctuary. The whole interior is sculptured. On the left leg of the injured colo us of the great temple is a Greek inscription, one of the most ancient specimens of Greek writing, recording that when Psammetichus came to Elephantine, the writers, whose names are given, came to the spot by way of Kerkis. It dates from 592 B. C. Abusir (ä-bö-ser'). A small town in the Delta of Egypt, south-southwest of Cairo, the ancient Busiris, containing pyramids erected by kings of the 5th dynasty. Abu-Teman (ä'bö-te-män'). Born in Syria about 807: died about 845. An Arabian court poet at Bagdad, and collector of Oriental poetry. Abydos (a-bi'dos). [Gr. ἡ Ἄβυδος.] In ancient geography, a town in Upper Egypt on the west bank of the Nile, near the modern Arâbat-el- Madfûneh, about lat. 26° 13' N., long. 31° 52′ E., famous for a temple of Osiris built by Seti I., and also for a temple built by Rameses II. The former is described by Strabo as the "Mem non i on." The plan is a square facing the northeast, with a large rectangular projection from the back of the southeast side. From the outer court is entered the long first hall, with three ranges. Both these great halls are ornamented with reliefs. From the second hall there is acce to an extensive series of chambers, corridors, and smaller halls, all decorated with colored reliefs. In one of the corridors is the chronologically important Tablet of Abydos. (See or Abydus. In ancient geography, a Hellespont Abydos, or Abydus. town in Mysia, Asia Minor, on the Hellespont about lat. 40° 11′ N., long. 26° 25' E., noted in the legend of Hero and Leander, and as the Abulfeda (ä-bol-fa'da -fa'da or ä-böl'fa-dä), Ismael ben-Ali Emad-eddin. Born at Damascus, Abydos, Bride of. of. A poem by Lord Byron, 1273: died in Syria, Oct. 1331. A noted Arapublished in 1813. bian geographer and historian, prince of Hamah Abydos, Tablet of. An inscription in a corri- in Syria: author of a geography and an "Abridg- ment of the History of the Human Race." a succe ion of 65 kings beginning with Menes, Abulghazi Bahadur (ä-böl-ghä'zē bä-hä-dör'). Born 1605: died about 1665. A khan of Khiva, author (after his abdication) of a history of the Mongols and Tatars, translated into various European languages. Abul-Ha an Ali ebn Bekar (ä'böl-has'an ä'lē eb'n be'kär). A character in "The Ara- bian Nights' Entertainments," the lover of the covering a period of about 2,200 years. A simi- lar tablet containing 18 names, found in the temple of Rameses in 1818, was removed by the French consul-gen- eral, sent to Paris, and finally purchased for the British Abyla (ab'i-la). [Gr. Ἀβύλη or Ἀβίλη .] In an- cient geography, a promontory in Africa, the modern Jebel Musa or Apes' Hill, opposite Academy, Royal Spanish. [Sp. Real Aca- demia Española .] An academy founded at Madrid in 1713 by the Duke of Escalona, and established by royal confirmation in 1714. Its object is to cultivate and improve the national language. Academy of Arts and Sciences, American. A society for the encouragement of art and Academy of France at Rome de France à Rome.] A school of fine arts founded at Rome by Louis XIV., where those artists are sent, at the public expense, who obtain the great annual prizes of the Academy of Fine Arts at Paris. See Villa Medici . Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres. [F. l'Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres.] An a ociation composed originally of four members, chosen by Colbert from among the members of the French Academy to draw up inscriptions for the monuments erected by Louis XIV. and the medals struck in his honor. It received a separate organization in 1701, which was confirmed by the letters patent of Louis XIV. in 1712, and was suppre ed by the Convention in 1793; but at the creation of the National Institute in 1795 its members were incorporated in that body. In 1816 the title was restored by Louis XVIII. for the second cla of the Institute. The present Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres consists of 40 members, 10 honorary academicians, and 8 foreign as sociates, with 50 corresponding members at home and abroad. Academy of Medicine. [F. l'Académie de médecine.] A French academy founded in 1820 to vaccine matter and act as bureau of information to the government on sanitation and the public health. It is divided into three sections: medicine, surgery, and pharmacy. It publishes memoirs, and carries on an extensive correspondence. Academy of Moral and Political Science, litiques .] The fourth cla of the French National Institute, founded in 1795, suppre ed by Napoleon in 1803, and reëstablished by Louis l'Académie des sciences morales et po Philippe in 1832. It has 40 members, 6 honorary academicians, 6 foreign a ociates, and 48 corresponding members. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, The. A scientific institution organized in 1812, and incorporated in 1817, po e ing a valuable library relating chiefly to natural history, and an extensive collection of specimens in natural history. Its publications consist of a series of "Journals" from 1817 to date, and of "Proceedings" from 1841, besides which it also published "The American Journal of Conchology." Academy of Sciences, The. [F. l'Académie des sciences.] An institution founded at Paris in 1666 by Colbert, approved by Louis XIV. in 1699, suppre ed by the Convention in 1793, and reconstituted in 1795 as a cla of the National Institute. It numbers 68 members, 10 honor ary academicians, 8 foreign a ociates, and 100 corresponding members. Academy of Sciences at Berlin, The Royal. [G. Die königliche Akademie der Wi enschaften.] An institution founded in 1700 by Frederic I. after plans submitted by Leibnitz, and opened in 1711. Its present constitution dates from 1812. It is divided into four sections: physical, mathematical, philosophical, and historical. The regular members are paid, and hold general meetings every Thursday and sectional meetings every Monday. Besides, there are foreign members, not to exceed 24, and honorary members and correspondents. It publishes "Abhandlungen" (till 1803 "Mémoires" and "Nouveaux Mémoires") and "Mo natsberichte." Academy of Sciences at Copenhagen, The Royal. [Dan. Det kongelige danske Videnska bernes Selskab .] An academy established as a private society in 1742, and received under the royal protection in 1743. Since 1742 it has published a series of transactions under the name of "Skrifter," and since 1823 each of its two cla es has also published independent memoirs under the name of "Afhandlinger." Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg, The Imperial. An academy projected by Peter the Great with the a istance of Wolf and Leibnitz, and established by Catherine I., Dec. 21, 1725. It is composed of 15 profe ors, a president, and a director, with four adjuncts, who attend the meetings of the society, and succeed to vacancies. It has published "Com men tar i i Academiæ Scient i arum Imperial is Petropolitanæ" (14 volumes from 1728 to 1747); "Novi Com men tar i i Academiæ," etc. (20 volumes down to 1777); "Acta Academiæ," etc., of which two volumes appear annually. Academy of Sciences at Stockholm, The, or The Royal Swedish Academy. A society, originally private, founded June 2, 1739, and incorporated March 31, 1741, as the Royal Swedish Academy. Its quarterly publications are i ued in annual volumes, of which the first 40 (to 1779) form a series known as the "Old Transactions." the Gulf and River of St. Lawrence, and westward by a line running north from the mouth of the Penobscot. It was colonized by France in 1604, on the Bay of Fundy, and ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of Utrecht, 1713 (except Cape Breton). The French settlers in Nova Scotia were deported by the British in 1755. Acadian Mountains (a-ka'di-an moun tanz). An occasional name of the elevated region included between the Hudson, the lower St. Lawrence, and the Atlantic, and comprising the mountains of Canada, Maine, and the White and Green Mountains. Acajutla (ä-kä-Höt'lä). A small seaport in Salvador, Central America, about 40 miles west of San Salvador. Acampichtli, or Acampixtli (ä-käm-pēsh'tle). [Aztec, 'handful of reeds.'] A chief, or so called king, of the Aztecs of Mexico, who, according to the most probable chronology, was elected in 1375 and died in 1403. He led the Indians of Tenochtitlan in their wars with Tecpan, and canals and stone houses were first made in his time. His power was very limited. Acapulco (i-kä-pöl'kō). A seaport in Guerrero, Mexico, on the Pacific in lat. 16° 51′ N., long. 99° 56′ W. It has one of the best harbors in the country, and had a large commerce during the 17th and 18th centuries. Population, 5,000. A carn an i a, or A karn an i a (ak-ar-na'ni-i). [Gr. Ἀκαρνανία .] In ancient geography, a division of Greece, bounded by the Ambracian Gulf on the north, by A mph i lochia on the northeast, by Ætolia on the east (partly separated by the Achelous), and by the Ionian sea on the west. inhabitants were the Leleges and Curetes. They were rude mountaineers, but were regarded as Greeks, and as such were allowed to participate in the Pan-Hellenic games. A carn an i a and Ætolia (e-to'li-ä). A nomarchy of modern Greece, having an area of 3,013 square miles. Its capital is Mis so long hi. Population (1889), 162,020. Acaste (ä-käst'). A character in Molière's play "Le Misanthrope," a gay and brilliant marquis, a lover of Célimène. Acasto (a-kas'to). A character in Otway's play "The Orphan," a nobleman, the father of Polydore and Castalio, retired from the court and living on his estates. Acastus (a-kas'tus), or Akastos (-tos). [Gr. Ἄκαστος.] In Greek legend, a son of King Pelias or Iolcos, an Argonaut, and one of the hunters of the Calydonian boar. He was the father of Laodameia. Acawais. See Accawais . Acaxees (a-kaks'ēz). A native tribe (now extinct as such) in the state of Durango in northern Mexico. Traces of their language may yet be detected. They were described, in the last years of the 16th century and in the 17th, when first met with, as rather peaceably inclined, of sedentary habits, and as sorely pre ed by their ferocious neighbors the Tepehuanes. Acca. See Acre . Accad. See Akkad . Accademia dell a Crusca (äk-kä-dā'mē-ädel'lä krös'kä). [It., 'academy of the bran, a fanciful name alluding to its profe ed object of sifting or purifying the Italian language.] An academy founded at Florence in 1582 by the poet Grazzini, with the object of purifying the Italian language and literature. It published in 1812 the first edition of the "Vocabolario degli Accade mic i dell a Crusca," long the standard dictionary of the Italian language. Accadians. See under Akkad . Acca Larentia (ak'ä la-ren's hi-ä). A mythical female personage in the early history of Rome, sometimes represented as a public woman who bequeathed her wealth to the citizens of Rome, sometimes as the wife of Faustulus and the nurse of Romulus and Remus. She seems to be of Etruscan origin and connected with the worship of the Lares. Also, improperly, Acca Laurentia . Accawais (a-kä-wä-ez'). An Indian tribe of British Guiana, the small remnants of which inhabit the river-banks near the coast. They are allied in language to the Caribs, but are more savage and wandering in their habits, and are very treacherous. They often attack villages of the more civilized Indians. Also written Accaways , Accowaios , Akavais , Accho (ak'ō). An old name of Acre . Acciajuoli (ä-chä-yö-ō'lē), or Acciajoli (ä-chä yō'lē), Nerio. A member of the Florentine Accorso, Francesco Acciajuoli, or Acciajoli, Donato. Born at Florence, 1428: died at Milan, Aug. 28, 1478. An Italian scholar and statesman, gonfalonier of Florence in 1473. He was the author of lives of Hannibal, Scipio, and Charlemagne, of a translation of some of Plutarch's "Lives," and of commentaries on Aristotle's "Ethics" and "Politics." Accioli de Cerqueira e Silva (äk-sē-ō'lē dā serkäräē sēl'vä), Ignacio. Born in Coimbra, Portugal, in 1808: died at Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 1, 1865. A Brazilian geographer. When very young he emigrated with his father to Brazil. In 1833 he began the publication of a series of geographical works on the empire, of which he was made official chronicler. Accius (ak's hi-us), Lucius. Born about 170 B. c.: died at an advanced age. A Roman tragic poet and prose writer, especially notable for his imitations from the Greek, though he dealt also with Roman subjects. Fragments of his tragedies have been preserved. Also Attius . ["The forms Accius and Attius probably differ dialectically. In the MSS. that with ce greatly preponderates; on the other hand, in inscriptions the spelling of this name with tt is far the more frequent." Teuffel and Schwabe, Hist. of Rom. Lit. (trans.), I. 191.] Acco. See Acre . Accolon (ak'ō-lon). A character in the "Morte d'Arthur," a knight of Gaul, celebrated for his combat with King Arthur, in which the latter sought to regain his enchanted sword and seab bard of which Accolon had gained po e ion through the aid of Morgan le Fay. Accolti (äk-kōl'tē), Benedetto. Born at Arezzo, Italy, 1415: died at Florence, 1466. An Italian jurist and writer, chancellor of the re public of Florence 1459-66. He was the author of a history of the first crusade, "De Bello a Christian is contra Barbaros," etc. (1532), which served as the foundation of Ta o's "Gerusalemme liber at a," Accolti, Benedetto. Born at Florence, 1497: died 1549. An Italian cardinal (and legate in Ravenna) and poet, author of Latin poems collected in "Carmina illustrium Poetarum Ital orum ." Accolti, Bernardo. Born about 1465: died about 1535. An Italian poet, son of Benedetto Accolti the elder. See the extract. The same age gave the name of Unico to Bernardo Accolti, of Arezzo, born before 1466, and who died after the year 1534. Whenever this celebrated poet announced his intention of reciting his verses, the shops were shut up, and the people flocked in crowds to hear him. He was surrounded by prelates of the first eminence; a body of Swi accompanied him; and the was IMG:content-0018.png:[ocr errors] byshopstanede wanted one circumstance to crown his glory - that his works had perished with himself. Their style is hard and poor; his images are forced, and his taste is perverted by affectation. He has left us a comedy, La Virginia; some octaves and terza rima; some lyric poetry; and some strambotti, or epigrams.