Charles XII

of Sweden. Madoc (mad'ok). A legendary Welsh prince, said to have discovered America about 1170. He is the subject of a poem by Southey (1805). Madonna (ma-don'ä). [It., 'my lady'; specifically, Our Lady, the Virgin Mary.] Of the numerous pictures with this subject, the following are among the most noted. (1) Madonna and Child, with St. John, sometimes called the Aldobrandini or Garvagh Madonna: a painting by Raphael, in the National Gallery, London. (2) Madonna and Child, with St. John and Angels: a painting by Sandro Bott i cell i, in the National Gallery, London. The picture is characterized by the beautiful roses of the hedge in the background. (3) Madonna and Child, with SS. Jerome and Sebastian, called the Madonna dell a Rondine from the swallow which figures in the composition: a small painting by Crivelli, in the Na tional Gallery, London. (4) Madonna and Child: paint ing by Murillo, in the museum at Dresden. The Virgin sits on a stone bench, holding the Child, who leans his head on his hand against her breast. (5) Madonna and Child, with SS. John and Catharine: a painting by Titian, in the National Gallery, London. (6) Madonna degli Ansidei ('of the Ansidei'), from the Marl borough collection: a painting by Raphael (1506), in the National Gallery, London. The Virgin is seated on a high throne, holding the Child and reading from a book; on either side stand St. John and St. Nicholas of Bari. This is the finest Raphael in Great Britain. It is sometimes called the Blenheim Madonna. (7) Madonna de la Servilleta ('of the napkin'): a celebrated painting by Murillo (about 1676), in the museum at Seville, Spain. The Virgin, seen in half-length, holds the Child on her left arm. He appears to be struggling to escape. According to tradition it was painted, in the absence of canvas, on a table-napkin supplied by the cook. (8) Madonna dell a Casa d'Alba ('of the house of Alva): a small but noted painting by Raphael (1509), in the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. The picture is circular, with a landscape background. The Virgin is seated on the ground; the Child rests partly on her knee, and seizes a cro held by the infant St. John, who kneels beside him. (9) Madonna dell a Cesta ('of the basket'): a painting by Correggio, in the National Gallery, London. The Virgin is seated on a gra y bank, holding the Child on her knee; in the background St. Joseph is seen working. (10) Madonna dell a Rosa ('of the rose '): a painting by Par mig i an i no, in the museum at Dresden. The Virgin has given the Child a rose, which he holds as he lies with one hand resting on a globe typifying the earth. (11) Madonna dell a Verdura ('of the meadow'): a painting by Raphael (1506), in the Imperial Gallery at Vienna. The Virgin sits in a meadow studded with flowers: before her are the infant Christ and the boy St. John, who kneels and presents a cro to Jesus. The type is that of the Belle Jardinière and the Madonna del Car dell i no. (12) Madonna del Rosario ('of the rosary'): a large painting by Caravaggio, in the Imperial Gallery at Vienna. The Virgin is enthroned; SS. Peter Martyr and Dominic are distributing wreaths of roses among the a embled people. (13) Madonna del Rosario ('of the ro sary'): a painting by Murillo, in the Dulwich Gallery, England. The Virgin, seated among clouds, has the Child on her lap. He holds a rosary, which the Virgin holds also. Beneath are angels. (14) Madonna del Rosario: one of Van Dyck's finest paintings (1623), in the chapel of the same name at Palermo, Sicily. The Virgin, surrounded by cher ubim and attended by saints, extends a rose-garland to St. Dominic, while St. Rosalie kneels before her. (15) Madonna di Casa Tempi: a painting by Raphael (1506), in the Old Pinakothek at Munich. The Virgin, in half-length, stands, holding the Child in her arms, in a landscape with a town in the background. (16) Madonna di San Sisto, or Sistine Madonna: a famous painting by Raphael (1518), in the museum at Dresden. It was bought by the elector August us III. in 1754 from the Benedictine monastery at Piacenza. It represents the Virgin, holding the Child, advancing among clouds, surrounded by cherub faces; at the left Pope Sixtus II. kneels in adoration, and at the right St. Barbara looks down and out of the picture. Below, two winged cherubs, familiar in popular reproductions, lean on a parapet looking upward. (17) Madonna in Adoration: a painting by Francesco Francia (about 1500), in the Old Pinakothek at Munich. The Virgin, standing, adores the Child, who lies before her in a bower of roses. (18) Madonna Niccolini: a painting by Raphael (1508), in Pans hanger House, England. The Virgin sits holding the Child on a white cushion. Also called the large Cowper Madonna. (19) Madonna of Burgomaster Meyer: a famous painting by Hans Holbein the younger (about 1525), belonging to the Prince Charles of He e-Darmstadt. It represents the Virgin, crowned, standing in a niche, holding against her breast the Child, whose left arm is extended in ble ing. At the Virgin's feet kneel Burgomaster Meyer of Basel, his first and second wives, his daughter, and a boy who supports a nude child. An old copy in the Dresden museum was until 1871 held to be the original. (20) Madonna of St. Francis: a painting by Correggio (1514-15), in the museum at Dresden. The Virgin is enthroned be neath a canopy; about her head are a radiant nimbus and a circle of cherubs. Before the throne are ranged SS. Francis and Anthony of Padua, and SS. John and Catharine. (21) Madonna of the Rocks: a painting by Leonardo da Vinci, in the national Gallery London represents the Virgin with the adoring St. John and an landscape of cliffs. It is a replica, with some modifications, Madrid technical perfection and splendor of color this is one of Titian's finest paintings. The seated Madonna, holding the Child on her knee, inclines graciously toward the kneeling donor of the picture, the senator Benedetto Pesaro, in presence of St. Francis, St. Anthony of Padua, and St. Peter, and of other dignitaries of the Pesari. (38) Madonna of the Green Cushion: a painting by Andrea Solario of Milan, in the Louvre, Paris. The Virgin, her head shrouded in white, is suckling the Child, who lies on a green pillow. The landscape background is pleasing, and the color very brilliant. (39) Madonna del Coniglio (of the rabbit'): a celebrated painting by Titian, in the Louvre, Paris. The Virgin is seated on the ground with her hand on a white rabbit, to the delight of the infant Christ, who is held by St. Catharine. (40) Madonna dell a Vittoria: a beautiful painting by Mantegna, in the Louvre, Paris. The Virgin, holding the infant Christ, sits in an overarched bower, between SS. Michael and Maurice; in front are St. Elizabeth with St. John, and Francesco Gonzaga of Mantua, kneeling, over whom the Virgin makes a gesture of ble ing. A relief of the Fall of Man appears on the pedestal of the Virgin's throne. (41) Madonna with the Diadem: a painting by Raphael, in the Louvre, Paris. The Virgin, wearing a coronet, kneels, with the boy St. John beside her, and lifts the covering from the sleeping Child. (42) Madonna and Child with St. Anna: one of the finest paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, in the Louvre, Paris. The Virgin is seated in St. Anna's lap, and supports the Child, who is playing with a lamb, amid a fair landscape. (43) See Orléans Madonna. Mador (ma'dor), Sir. In Arthur i an romance, a Scottish knight slain by Sir Lance lot of the Lake on account of his attack on the reputation of Guinevere. Madou (mä-dö'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Bru els, Jan. 26, 1796: died there, April 3, 1877. A Belgian genre-painter and lithographer. He published a number of illustrated works, "Scenes of Society," "Picturesque Views," etc., from 1821-40. Many of his pictures are humorous. Madoz (mä-dōth'), Pascual. Born at Pamplona, plona, Spa Spain, May 17, 1806: died at Genoa, Dec. 11, 1870. A Spanish author and liberal pol i of the Vierge aux Rochers in the Louvre. (22) Madonna tician. He published “Diccionario geográfico, of the Cherries: a painting by Titian (about 1508), in the estadístico é histórico de España" (1848-50), Imperial Gallery at Vienna. The Virgin sits behind a para etc. pet on which the Child stands holding a bunch of cherries. The boy St. John stands below, and SS. Joseph and Zacharias at the sides. (23) Madonna of the Grapes: a small painting by Martin Schongauer, in the Imperial Gallery at Vienna. The Virgin, who is seated on a bench, plucks a berry from a bunch of grapes and offers it to Jesus, who stands in her lap with his arms around her neck. St. Joseph, with an ox and an a , is seen in the background. (24) Madonna with Saints: a painting by Titian, sometimes called the Madonna with the White Lady, in the museum at Dresden. The Child is held on the Virgin's lap by St. John, and adored by SS. Paul and Jerome and the Magdalen. The Magdalen is richly robed in white (whence the popular name of the picture). (25) Madonna with St. John the Baptist and St. Mark, and outside St. Peter and St. Mark: a triptych by Fra Angelico, in the Uffizi, Florence, one of his most admired works. The Madonna is surrounded by twelve angels playing on musical instruments. (26) Madonna with Angels: one of the most noted paintings of Sandro Bott i cell i, in the Uffizi, Florence. The Virgin sits writing, attended by angels, while others support a crown over her head. The Child holds a pomegranate and reaches out for his mother's writing hand. (27) Madonna with Angels, Apostles, and Saints: a noted painting by Duccio di Buoninsegna (end of 13th century), in the Duomo at Siena, Italy. It is the chief Sienese painting of its time, somewhat archaic in type. (28) Madonna del Sacco ('of the sack'): a fresco by Andrea del Sarto (1525), in the Chiostro dei Morti of Sant is sima Annunziata, Florence. It is a Holy Family, and is named from the sack against which Joseph is leaning reading. (29) Madonna del Divino Amore (‘of the divine love'): a painting by Raphael, in the Museo Nazionale, Naples. The Virgin, with hands clasped behind the Child pre ed to her breast, is praying. Christ Mad Parliament. See Parliament , Mad. Madras (ma-dras'). 1. A governorship and presidency of British India, comprising the eastern or Coromandel coast, a large part of the interior of the Deccan, and part of the western or Malabar coast. The principal mountains are the East and West Ghats; the chief rivers, the Godavari, Kaveri, and Kistna. The leading occupation is agriculture. Government is administered by a governor and council. The inhabitants are chiefly Hindus. This province was formed from the states of the Carnatic, Tanjore, parts of Mysore, etc., in the last half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. Area, 141,189 square miles. Population (1891), 35,630,440. ble es the youthful Baptist while holding St. Elizabeth by the hand. Joseph is walking slowly behind the group. (30) Madonna dell a Sedia or Seggiola ('chair' or 'little chair'): a famous painting by Raphael, in the Pitti Gal lery, Florence, perhaps the master's most popular work. The picture is circular. The young mother, a beautiful peasant girl, sits in an arm-chair pre ing her Child to her bosom with an air of calm happine , while the boy St. John stands reverently at her knee. (31) Madonna dell a Scodella ('of the little bowl'): a painting by Correggio, in the Pinacoteca at Parma, Italy. It is an episode of rest during the flight into Egypt, described as a painted poem of family happine , beautiful in light, color, and thought, and with accompaniment of Correggio's charming angels. (32) Madonna dell a Misericord i a ('of pity'), the Virgin interceding for the people of Lucca: a beautiful painting by Fra Bartolommeo, in the Palazzo Pubblico at Lucca, Italy. Christ appears above, a majestic figure. (33) Madonna del Car dell i no ('of the thistle-finch'): a painting by Raphael, in the Uffizi, Florence. The Virgin, graceful and of very sweet expre ion, sits on a mo y bank, with the child Christ and St. John at her knee. (34) Madonna del Bald acc hi no ('of the canopy'): a painting by Raphael, in the Galleria Pitti, Florence. The Virgin is enthroned in a domed niche, beneath a canopy whose draperies are supported by two long-robed angels. The Child sits smiling on her knee, playing with his toes. Several saints are in attendance. (35) A painting by Cimabue (1270), in Santa Maria Novella, Florence. It was the most notable painting of its day, and when finished was borne to the church in a popular proce ion. The Virgin is enthroned, with the Child on her knee, and six attendant angels, the whole on a gold ground. Some of the Byzantine stiffne and conventionality remains, but in expre ion and in naturalne of drapery and movement the picture justifies the admiration it excited. (36) Madonna with two Angels playing on musical instruments: an altarpiece by Giovanni Bellini, in Santa Maria dei Frari at Venice. The side compartments contain St. Benedict and St. Nicholas, each with a companion. (37) Madonna of Pesaro: a votive picture over 17 feet high, by Titian, in Santa Maria dei Frari at Venice. In 2. The capital of Madras, situated on the coast in lat. 13° 4′ N., long. 80° 15′ E. Its commercial quarter is the Black Town. Madras is the third in importance of the seaports of British India; exports coffee, ton, etc.; and is the seat of various societies and educational institutions. It was founded by Francis Day of the East India Company in 1639; was made a presidency in 1653; was unsucce fully attacked by the natives in 1702 and 1741; was captured by Labour donna is in 1746, and restored to the British in 1748; and was unsucce fully besieged by the French in 1758-59. Its (exposed) roads are often visited by hurricanes, most disastrously in 1872. Population (1891), 452,518. Madrazo (mä-Thrä'thō), José de. Born at Santander, Spain, April 28, 1781: died May 8, 1859. A Spanish historical and portrait painter. Madrazo, Raimundo de. Born at Rome, July 24, 1841. A genre and portrait-painter, the son and pupil of Federico Madrazo. Among his works are "The End of a Masked Ball" (1878), "Fête during Carnival," "El Jaleo," "Pierrette" (1878), "La Soubrette" (1882), "The Domino" (1883), etc. Madrazo (mä-Thrätho) y Kunt, Federico. Born Feb. 12, 1815: died June 11, 1894. A Spanish historical and portrait painter, son of José de Madrazo. He studied at Paris with Winter halter. He is court painter and profe or at the Madrid Academy. He founded, with Ochoa, "El Artist a," an art journal, in 1835, and was made foreign a ociate of the Beaux Arts in 1873. Among his works are "Godefroy de Bouillon proclaimed King of Jerusalem" (1839), "Maria Christina as a Nun, etc." (1843), "The Women at the Sepulcher " (1845), and many portraits of noted persons. Madre de Deus (mä'dre de da'ös), Gaspar da. Born at Santos, São Paulo, 1714: died in São Paulo, 1804. A Brazilian Benedictine monk and historian. He is best known for his "Me morias para a hist or i a da Capitani a de S. Vicente" (Lisbon, 1797; Rio de Janeiro, 1847), a work of great historical value. Madrid (ma-drid'; Sp. pron. mä-Thrēh'). [Sp. Madrid , Ar. Majrit , ML. Major i tum .] 1. A province in New Castile, Spain. Area, 2,997 square miles. Population (1887), 682,644.-2. The capital of Spain and of the province of Madrid, situated on the Manzanares in lat. 40° 25′ N., long. 3° 42′ W. It stands on a plateau 2,150 feet above sea-level, nearly in the geographical center of Spain. The Church of San Francisco, finished in 1784, is a great rotunda, with a dome 163 feet high, an apse, and three domed chapels radially arranged on each side. The interior is remarkable for its spaciousne , and for its profuse decoration in sculpture and painting by modern masters. The royal palace, begun in 1737, is imposing from its great size and its Dutch against the Belgians in 1830. Population (1890), 32,676. Maeterlinck(met'er-lingk), Maurice (Mooris), Born in 1864. A noted Belgian poet. He went to Paris in 1886, where he came under the influence of Vil- Magalhães de Gandavo, Pero de. See Gan- liers de l'Isle-Adam. Among his works are "Serres chaudes" (poems), the dramas prince e Maleine," "Les sept prince es," "L'Intruse," "Les aveugles," "La Mag all anes (mä-gäl-yä'nes). A territory of Pelléas et Mélisande," "La quenouille et la besace," "Trois petits drames pour marion net tes," and various Mæviad, The. See Baviad . Mævius. See Bavius . Maffei (mäf-fā'ē), Francesco Scipione, Mar- quese di. Born at Verona, Italy, June 1, 1675: died at Verona, Feb. 11, 1755. An Italian poet, IMG:content-0645.png:[ocr errors] 333 feet long and 105 wide, with 4 ranges of cruciform piers, all richly sculptured, and presents an imposing effect. The piers of the façade exhibit figures in the round of prancing horses resting their fore feet and bodies on groups complete works were published in 1790. of soldiers beneath them. Population (1891), 87,428. Madvig (mäd'vig), Johan Nicolai. Born at Svaneke, Bornholm, Denmark, Aug. 7, 1804: died at Copenhagen, Dec. 13, 1886. A celebrated Danish philologist and statesman alle ware Copenhagen, first of the language and literature, later of cla ical philology; minister of public worship 1848-51; and later inspector of public instruction. His chief works are a Latin grammar (1841), "Adversaria critic a" (1871-73), "Die Verfa ung und Ver- waltung des römischen Staats" (1881), etc. Mæatæ (mē-ā'tē). A warlike tribe in the south of Scotland and north of England, just beyond the Roman wall. Mæcenas (mē-sē'nas), Caius Cilnius. Died 8 B. C. A Roman statesman and patron of liter a- IMG:content-0646.png:[blocks in formation] of promoting smuggling and protecting its mem- bers against the police. Mafra (mä'frä). A town in the province of Es- tremadura, Portugal, 18 miles northwest of Lis- bon. The royal palace, founded in 1717 in emulation of the Escorial, is an enormous rectangle, the long sides mea- suring 770 feet, and contains 866 rooms, the finest of which is the great library. The domed church is well prop or Population, about 3,000. tioned and incrusted in good taste with colored marbles. Magadha, or Magada (mag'a-da). An an- cient empire in India, corresponding generally to the modern Behar and Oudh. Its capital was Pataliputra. It was flourishing about 300 в. с. Magadoxo (mag-a-dok'sō; Pg. pron. mä-gä-do' sho), or Magadoxa (mag-a-dok'sä; Pg. pron. mä-gä-do'shä), or Makadishu (mä-kä-de'shö). A town on the eastern coast of Africa, situated in lat. 2o 2′ N., long. 45° 25′ E. It is subject to Zanzibar. Population, estimated, 4,000. Magalhães (mä-gäl-yins'), Benjamin Con- stant Botelho de, generally known as Ben- jam in Constant. Born at Rio de Janeiro, 1838: died there, Jan. 22, 1891. A Brazilian repub- lican, one of the leaders of the revolution of Nov. 15, 1889. He was secretary of war, and for a time of posts and telegraphs, in the pro- visional government. Magalhães, Domingos José Gonçalves de, Visconde de Araguaya. Born Aug. 13, 1811: died July 10, 1882. A Brazilian poet and diplo- matist. He is regarded as as the leader of the romantic school in Brazilian literature. Of his numerous erous poetical works the best known are "A Confederação dos Tamoyos," an epic (1857), "Mysterios" (1858), and "Urania" (1862). Magalhaes, Fernão de. [Sp. Fernando de Ma- gallanes; F., G., and E. generally Ferdinand Magellan .] Born at Saborosa, Traz-os-Montes, Portugal, about 1480: died on the island of Mac tan, Philippines, April 27, 1521. The discoverer Islands. He served with the Portuguese in the East Indies 1505-12, and in Morocco in 1514. He complained that his services were not properly rewarded, and formally renounced allegiance to Portugal in 1517; went to Spain; and, in conjunction with Ruy Faleiro, another Portuguese, offered to find for Spain a western pa age to the Moluc- cas, maintaining that those islands were outside of the hemisphere which, by treaty, had been a igned to Portu- gal for conquest. (See Tordesilhas .) Charles V. accepted the plan, and fitted out for the expedition a government squadron of 5 ships and 265 men. At first Magalhães and Faleiro were made joint commanders, but later Faleiro was separated from the expedition, and Magalhães re- mained in full command. The squadron sailed from San Lucar, Sept. 20, 1519, and touched at Madeira. Soon after the veedor, or inspector, Juan de Cart a gena, refused to 1826. An Uruguay an author. He has published "Estudios históricos sobre el Rio de la Plata," "La Iglesia y el Estado," several volumes of poems, etc. Magdala (mag da-la). [Gr. Μαγδαλά; prefer- ably Μαγαδάν .] In biblical in Palestine, situated on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee: the modern El-Mejdel. The form Magadan is preferable. Magdala (mäg-dä lä lä). A stronghold in Abys- It was captured in 1868 by the British under Sir Robert sinia, situated in lat. 11° 22′ long. 39° 25′ Ε. Napier, who in consequence was created Baron Napier of Magdala. Magdalen (mag'da-len). See Mary Magdalen. Among the numerous paintings of this subject the following are notable. (1) A painting by Correggio, in the museum at Dresden. The Magdalen lies on the ground amid a thickly wooded landscape, supporting her head on one elbow and reading intently. Her form is wrapped in dark-blue drapery, which leaves the bust and feet bare. (2) A picture by Paolo Veronese, by some considered his masterpiece, in the Pina- coteca at Turin. Mary is portrayed anointing the Saviour's feet. (3) A painting by Tintoret, in the Scuola di San Roc- The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Magdalene College The College of St. Mary Magdalene originated in two me uages granted by Henry VI. in 1428 to the Benedictine House of Croyland for the convenience of those monks who wished to study at Cambridge. Out of these me uages, or on their site, a house was gradually constructed for the general use of the Benedictine Order, "different monasteries building different portions; thus Ely built one chamber, Walden a second, Ramsey a third," says Dr. Caius; and so late as 1777 Cole saw the arms of Ely in the spandrels of the door at the north-west corner of the court. Clark , Cambridge, p. 210. Magdalen (mag'da-len) Islands. A group of small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, belonging to Quebec, Canada, situated northeast of Prince Edward Island. The chief occираtion is fishing. Population, about 3,000. Magdeburg (mäg'de-börg). The capital of the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Elbe in lat. 52° 8' N., long. 11° 39′ E. It consists of the city proper and four suburbs, and is a powerful fortre . It is the center of the German sugar trade; is one of the leading commercial centers in Germany; and has manufactures of cotton, wool, tobacco, spirits, chicory, etc. The cathedral, of the 12th and 13th centuries, with later towers, measures 390 by 105 feet: height of the spire of the north tower, 337 feet. The choir and radiating chapels recall in style the French Romanesque: the western portions are Pointed. The sculptured west portal is magnificent. There are choir-stalls of the 14th century, and many beautiful tombs, especially that of Archbishop Ernst by the noted Vischer, with figures of the twelve apostles. Magdeburg was founded in the 9th century. A Benedictine monastery was established there by Otto the Great. It became an archbishopric about 967, and was an imp or tant Hanseatic town. The Reformation was introduced in 1524. It was besieged and taken by Maurice of Saxony in 1550-51; resisted Wal lens tein in 1629; was stormed and sacked by Tilly in 1631 (with the ma acre, it is said, of 30,000 persons); was governed after the Reformation by archbishops and administrators; was secularized in 1648; was annexed to Brandenburg in 1680; was taken by the French in 1806; and was restored to Pru ia in 1814. Pop ulation (1890), 202,234. IMG:content-0648.png:[blocks in formation] Magellan (ma-jel'an), Ferdinand. See Magal hães, Fernão de . Magellan (ma-jel'an), Strait of. A sea pa age separating the mainland of South America from the group of Tierra del Fuego, and connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Length, over 300 miles. See Magalhães , Fernão de . Magellan's Sea. See Mar Magallanico . Magendie (mä-zhon-dē'), François. Born at Bordeaux, France, Oct. 15, 1783: died at Paris, Oct. 7, 1855. A French physiologist, profe or of anatomy in the Collège de France, especially noted for experiments on the physiology of the nerves. Among his works are "Précis élémentaire de physio logie" (1816), "Leçons sur les phénomènes physiques de la vie" (1835-38), "Leçons sur les fonctions et les maladies du système nerveux" (1839). Magenta (mä-jen'tä). A small place near the river Ticino in Lombardy, Italy, about 15 miles west of Milan. Here, June 4, 1859, a notable victory was won by the allied French and Sardinians (55,000) over the Austrians (5,00 of the her or Nappe leon III. nominally in command allies, but the chief credit belonged to MacMahon, who was afterward created duke of Magenta. The lo of the victors was 4,000; that of the Austrians, 10,000, besides prisoners. The battle led to the occupation of Milan. Magenta, Duc de. See MacMahon . Magerő (mä'ge-re). The island of Norway on which the North Cape is situated. Maggia (mäd'jä), Valle. An Alpine valley in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, north of Lago Maggiore. Maggiore (mäd-jō're), Lago, F. Lac Majeur. [It., 'greater lake.'] One of the chief lakes of northern Italy, situated on the border of Italy and the canton of Ticino in Switzerland: the Roman Lacus Verbanus. It is traversed by the Ticino: other tributaries are the Fosa and Maggia. It contains the Borromean Islands, and is famous for picturesque scenery. On its banks are Luino, Locarno, Intra, Pallanza, etc. Its northern part is called the Lake of Locarno. Height above sea-level, 645 feet. Length, 37 miles. Maghiana (mä-ge-ä'nä). The capital of the district of Jhang, Panjab, British India, situated about lat. 31° 16′ N., long. 72° 21′ E. Population, about 10,000. Maghreb (mäg-reb'). An Arabic word for 'sunset' and 'west,' applied by Arabs to Morocco and to all northwestern Africa and Spain. Compare Arabic . Magi (ma'ji). [L., from Gr. Μάγοι.] 1. The members of the learned and priestly caste in ancient Persia, who had official charge of the sacred rites, practised interpretation of dreams, profe ed supernatural arts, and were distinguished by peculiarities of dre and insignia. Their origin may be traced to the Akkadians, the earliest settlers of the lower Euphrates valley. The first biblical reference to the Magi occurs in Jer. xxxix. 3, 13, where a Babylonian rab-mag, or chief of the Magi, is mentioned in connection with the siege, capture, and rule of Jerusalem. 2. The "wise men" who, according to the Gospel of Matthew (ii. 1, 2), came from the East to Jerusalem to do homage to the new-born King of the Jews. A tradition as old as the 2d century (resting on Ps. lxxii. 10, Isa, xlix. 7) makes them kings, and at a later period the names Melchior, Kaspar, and Balthasar became attached to them. As the first of the pagans to whom the birth of the Me iah was announced, they are honored at the feast of the Epiphany: in the calendar, however, the three days immediately following the first of the the hem a Mooworks of art the young est of is represented as Magians (ma'ji-anz). See Magi , 1. Magic Flute, The. See Zauberflöte . Maginn (ma-gin'), William. Born at Cork, July 10, 1793: died at Walton-on-Thames, Aug. 21, 1842. An Irish author. He graduated (B. A.) at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1811; conducted a private school at Cork 1813-23; and founded "Fraser's Magazine" in 1830. He is known chiefly as the author of "The City of Demons" and "Bob Burke's Duel with Ensign Brady." His "Miscellanies" were edited by Dr. Shelton Mackenzie 1855-57. Magister Sententia rum. [L., 'master of sen tences.] See Book of Sentences. Magliabechi (mäl-yä-bek'ē), Antonio. Born at Florence, Oct., 1633: died July 4, 1714. An Italian bibliophile. He was for many years librarian of Cosmo III., grand duke of Tuscany; and was famous for his vast and varied knowledge of languages and antiquities. He bequeathed to the grand duke a valuable collection of manuscripts and early editions, which now forms part of the Biblioteca Nazionale at Florence. Magna Charta, or Magna Carta (mag'nä kär'tä). The great charter of the liberties (Magna Charta Libertatum) of England, granted and sealed by King John in a conference between him and his barons at Runnymede, June 15, 1215. Its most important articles are those which pro proceeded against, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or in accordance with the law of the land, and that no scutage or aid shall be imposed in the kingdom (except certain feudal dues from tenants of the crown), unle by the common council of the kingdom. The remaining and greater part of the charter is directed against abuses of vide that no freeman shall be taken, or imprisoned, or the king's power as feudal superior. The charter granted by Henry III. is only a confirmation of that of his father, King John. Magna Græcia (mag'na gre's hia). [L., 'great Greece.'] In ancient geography, the name given to the part of southern Italy colonized by Greeks. Among the leading cities were Cumæ, Croton a, Sybaris, Metapontum, Locri, Rhegium, Tarentum, Thurii, Heraclea, and Neapolis. Its most flourishing period was the 7th and 6th centuries B. C. Magnalia Christ i American a. [L., the mighty works of Christ in America. An ecclesiastical history of New England, by Cotton Mather, published in 1702 (new ed. 1853). Magnan (män-yon'), Bernard Pierre. Born at Paris, Dec. 7, 1791: died at Paris, May 29, 1865. A French marshal. He repre ed the insurrection in Lyons in 1849, and aided in the coup d'état of 1851. Magnano (män-yä'no). A place in northern Italy, 26 miles west of Parma. Here, April 5, 1799, the Austrians under Kray defeated the French under Schérer. Magnentius (mag-nen's hi us). Died 353 A. D. Roman emperor 350-353. He murdered Constans and usurped the western provinces of the empire in 350, but was defeated by Constant i us at Mursa in 351, and committed suicide to avoid capture in 353. Magnesia (mag-nē'shiä). [Gr. Μαγνησία.] In ancient geography, the easternmost district of The aly, Greece, bordering on the Ægean Sea and the Pagasean Gulf. It is supposed that magnetic ore was first found here, and that from this the word magnet is derived. Magnesia. 1. In ancient geography, a city in Ionia, Asia Minor, 14 miles southeast of Ephesus: often called Magnesia ad Mæandrum. The temple of Artemis Leucophryne, here, is one of the most magnificent of ancient monuments, rebuilt about 300 в. с. as an Ionic pseudo dipteros of 8 by 15 columns, measuring 100 by 186 feet. The cella had pronaos and opisthodomos with 2 columns in antis. The frieze, now in the Louvre, bears reliefs of combats between Greeks and Amazons. The temple stood in a splendid peribolos surrounded by Doric porticos. There are also remains of a theater of the 4th century B. C., with later modifications, and of a large stadium. 2. A city in Lydia, Asia Minor, situated on the Hermus 20 miles northeast of Smyrna: often called Magnesia ad Sipylum: the modern Mani a (which see). Here, 190 B. C., the Romans under Scipio Asiaticus defeated Antiochus the Great. Magnet ick Lady, The, or Humours Reconciled. A comedy by Ben Jonson. It was licensed and acted in 1632, but not published till 1640. Magnificat (mag-nif'i-kat). [L. magnificat ; as used in the Vulgate, Luke i. 46, "Magnificat Maguana anima mea Dominum."] The song or hymn of the Virgin Mary in Luke i. 46-55, beginning "My soul doth magnify the Lord." It is very sim ilar to the song of Hannah (Sam. ii. 1-10), which has accordingly been called the Old Testament Magnificat. The Magnificat was in use in the hours or daily service of the Christian church as early as about 500 A. D. In the Greek Church it is called the Ode of the Theotocos. It was at first omitted from the American Prayer-book, but was restored in 1886. Magnin (män-yan'), Charles. Born at Paris, Nov. 4, 1793: died at Paris, Oct. 8, 1872. A French dramatic critic. He wrote "Les origines du théâtre en Europe" (1838), "His to ire des Marionettes" (1852), etc. Magnus (mag'nus) I., surnamed "The Good." King of Norway 1035-47, and of Denmark 10421047, son of St. Olaf. Ma Magnus III., surnamed "Barfod" ('Barefoot'). Died Aug. 24, 1103. King of Norway 1093-1103. He conquered the Orkneys and the He brides, and was killed before Dublin during an invasion of Ireland. Magnus VII., surnamed "Lagabæter" ('Reformer of the Laws'). Died May 9, 1280. King of Norway 1262-80. He collected and published a new code of laws. Magnus II., surnamed "Smek." Born in 1316: died at sea, Dec. 1, 1374. King of Sweden 13191363. He was deposed by the nobles, who elevated Albert of Mecklenburg. Magnus (mäg'nös), Eduard. Born at Berlin, Jan. 7, 1799: died at Berlin, Aug. 8, 1872. A German portrait-painter and writer on art. Magnus, He in rich Gustav. Born at Berlin, May 2, 1802: died at Berlin, April 4, 1870. A noted German chemist and physicist, profe or of physical technology at Berlin 1834-69. He published in Poggendorff's "Annalen," and the proceedings of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, a number of im papers on chemistry and physical topics. Magnusen, or Magnus sen (mag'nös-sen), Finn. Born at Skalholt, Iceland, Aug. 27, 1781: died at Copenhagen, Dec. 24, 1847. A noted Icelandic archæologist, appointed profe or at Copenhagen in 1815. He was the author of important works on the elder Edda, and on Norse mythology, literature, and IMG:content-0649.png:[blocks in formation] Magny (män-yē'), Olivier de. Born at Cahors: died about 1560. A French poet, author of "Les amours" (1553), "Les gayetés" (1554), "Les soupirs" (1557), and "Les odes" (1559). Mago (magō). A Cart hag in i an general of the 6th century в. с., the reputed organizer of the military system of Carthage. Mago. A Cart hag in i an naval commander of the 4th century B. C., distinguished in the wars with the Syracusans 396-392, and later suflete or king of Carthage. Mago. The commander of the Cart hag in i an forces in Sicily 343 B. C., the ally of Hicetas in his struggle with Timoleon. His conduct of the campaign was marked by cowardice, and on his return to Carthage he committed suicide. Mago. Died 203 в. с. (about 193 в. с.). А Cart hag in i an general, younger brother of Hannibal. He accompanied his brother to Italy 218 B. c., supported Hasdrubal in Spain 215 B. c., and was defeated by Scipio at Silpia 206 B. с. Magog. See the extract, and Gog .