Crown

Originally a mere fillet or ornamental wreath or garland worn on festal occasions. Oriental rulers came to a ume it as an emblem of authority, and the republics of Greece and Rome bestowed it as a reward for succe in public games and for services to the State. The Corona civic a, of oak leaves, was conferred on him who had saved the life of a citizen. He wore it at the spectacles and sat next the Senate, the audience rising on his entrance as a mark of respect. The first to scale the walls of a city received the Corona mural is; and the first to mount the rampart or enter the enemy's camp received the C. vallar is or cast rens is. C. naval is was given for naval exploits, and C. obsidional is, made of gra , to the general who broke a blockade; while C. triumphal is was worn by the succe ful general at his triumph. Crowns worn emblematically were the nuptial, convivial, funereal, and sacerdotal. Modern crowns are derived from the Oriental diadem. Famous examples are the Iron Crown of Lombardy, lined with a nail from the True Cro , and the Papal Tiara, a triple coronet surrounding a tall uncleft miter topped with a ball and cro , first adopted by Benedict XII., 1344.