Bath

[A.S. bæth; Fr. bain.] A place to bathe in; a large ve el of water wherein to perform one's ablutions. -An edifice containing an apartment, or apartments, set apart for bathing. -Act of immersing the body in water, hot air, vapor, .; ablution with water. See BATHING. -A Hebrew measure containing the 10th part of a homer, or 7 gallons and 4 pints, as a measure for things liquid; and 3 pecks and 3 pints as a measure for things dry. (Chem.) A term applied to apparatus employed for the purpose of communicating a graduated temperature to bodies. Various fluids and solids are employed as the means through which the heat is applied. -1. Water bath . In this bath, the substance to be heated can never have its temperature elevated above 2120, or a steam heat. One of the simplest shapes is the BAIN-MARIE, q. v. - 2. Saline baths are used when a somewhat higher temperature than a steam heat is desirable. Salts, when di olved in water, elevate the boiling-point of the fluid, although the steam has exactly the usual temperature of 212. The following saturated solutions boil at the annexed temperatures: IMG:content-0551.jpg:[blocks in formation] quires to be dried in a dry atmosphere, especially if it has a tendency to absorb moisture when exposed to the air, it is nece ary to place it in a tube and draw dry air over it, in order to remove the moisture which emanates from it. For this purpose the apparatus ( Fig . 310) is used. The body is placed in a bent tube, which is deposited in a water bath, a, with a chloride of calcium tube on either side, c, d. The aspirating bottle e, filled with water, causes air dried by the first chloride of calcium to pa over it, until it is thoroughly dry.-4. Steam and Vacuum bath . When the atmospheric air acts on the substance, and when it is desirable to exhaust the moist air rapidly, an air-pump is used ( Fig . 311). A, airpump, fixed by a screw into a table; B, chloride of cal IMG:content-0552.png:[blocks in formation] cium tube; D, tube containing the substance to be dried, hermetically sealed at C, and placed in a water-bath. 5. Metallic bath . When the temperature requires to be higher than can be attained by the preceding mode, a mixture of easily fusible metals is used. Mercury may be employed between 300° and 400°; above this, unwholesome fumes are evolved. D'Arcet's fusible alloy is useful, consisting of 2 bismuth, 5 lead, 3 tin, with a fusing point of 2120, the temperature rising with the application of heat. of the sovereign, princes of the blood, and distinguished foreigners; and for civil service, 25. The 2d cla are Knights Commanders (K. C. B.); number not to exceed 102 for military, and 50 for civil service. The members of the two first cla es are entitled to the appellation of Sir . 3d cla , Companions (C. B.); number not to exceed 525 for military, and 200 for civil service. They take precedence of esquires, but are not entitled to the appellation, style, . of knights-bachelor. The badge of the order ( Fig . 312) has in the centre, the rose, shamrock, and thistle, and three crowns; the whole encircled with the motto of the order, Tria juncto in uno, ("Three joined in one,") and a laurel IMG:content-0553.jpg:[blocks in formation] Fig . 312.-COLLAR AND BADGE OF THE BATH. wreath. It is worn by the Knights Grand Cro es pendent from a red ribbon acro the right shoulder; by the Knights Commanders, from the neck; and by the Companions, from the button-hole. The collar is of gold. It is composed of 9 imperial crowns, 8 gold roses, thistles, and shamrocks enamelled in colors, and tied or linked together with 17 gold knots, enamelled white, having the badge of the order pendent therefrom. The officers of the order are, the dean, the genealogist and Blanccoursier herald, the Bath king-of-arms, the registrar and secretary, the gentleman-usher of the Scarlet Rod and Brunswick herald, and the me enger. Bath, in California , a post-village of Placer co. Bath, in Georgia , a village of Jefferson co., about 60 m. E.N.E. of Milledgeville. -A village of Richmond co., about 20 m. S.W. of August a, beautifully situated, and a place of summer resort. Bath, in Illinois , a township and post-village of Mason co., on the Illinois River, 50 m. from Peoria, B. was formerly the cap. of the co. Bath, the most beautiful city of England, in Somersets hire, 100 m. W. of London. It is situated on the Avon, 12 m. E.S.E. of Bristol, in a narrow valley, bounded on the N.E. and S.W. by hills, and widening on the N.W. into rich and extensive meadows. The Avon is navigable from Bath to Bristol. It has borne various names in different ages, all having allusion to its celebrated county. Bath, in Indiana, a thriving township of Franklin waters. The Romans called it Aquæ Solis , Fontes Calidi , -A village of Union co., 50 m. E. of Shelbyville. Therma, Bodonia , and, Bath on i a ; the Britons, Caer Bath, in Iowa , a post-office of Cerro Gordo co. Bath, in Kansas , a post-office of Woods on co. Bath, in Kentucky , a N.E. county, po e ing an area of about 200 sq. m., and drained by the Licking River and Slate Creek. Surface, uneven, and soil in many parts very fertile. Stone-coal and iron-stone are abundant. Many mineral springs are found here, among them the noted "Mud Lick Springs." County seat, Owings- ville. Bath, in Michigan, a post-village and township of Clinton co., 6 m. N.E. of Lansing. Badun , or Bladon ; the Saxons, Hat Bathun , and Acha mannum. The vestiges of the Romans here are still exceedingly numerous, and show the high value which they placed upon the waters. - B. is remarkable for medicinal waters, for its various sources of amusement, for the elegance of its streets, and the magnificence of its public buildings. It is accounted the most elegant city in England. The houses are of superior construction, built of freestone obtained from the hills about the town. B. affords a great variety of amusements, and is equally the resort of valetudinarians and votaries of pleasure. There are five public baths, viz., King's and Queen's Bath, Cro Bath, Hot Bath, and New Private Bath. The temperature of the different springs varies from 90° to 117o Fahrenheit. That of the King's Bath is 116°, that of the Hot Bath 117°, and that of the Cro Bath 111°. They contain carbonic acid, azotic gas, muriate and sulphate of soda, carbonate and sulphate of lime, with a very small quantity of silex and oxy carbonate of iron. They are found of great efficacy in cases of gout, rheumatism, indigestion, palsy, and biliary obstruc--A tions. Pop . 54,240. Bath, in New Hampshire , a post-township of Grafton co., on the E. bank of the Connecticut River, 80 m. N.E. of Concord; it is also watered by the Ammonoosuck river. Bath, in New York , a prosperous post-town of Bath township, and cap. of Steuben co., on Cohocton Creek, 219 m. W. by S. of Albany, and 20 N.W. of Corning. It is a place of considerable trade, seated amid a fine agricultural country. The New York State Soldiers' Home was located here. village of Ren elaer co., opposite Albany, on the Hudson River. Bath, (ORDER OF THE,) n. ( Her .) In England, a high order of knighthood, so called from bathing having 143 m. E. by S. of Raleigh. anciently formed part of the ceremony previous to in Bath, in North Carolina, a post-village of Beaufort co., Bath, in Ohio, a township of Allen co. stall at i on. This order is of great antiquity, two knights -A township of Greene co. being created in this manner by King John, in 1204 and -A post-township of Summit county, 23 miles west of 1205 respectively, though it is supposed to have existed Ravenna. at a much earlier period. It is first noticed under the name of the "Bath," 11th Oct., 1399, when Henry IV., at his coronation, conferred the honor on 46 esquires, who had watched all the night before in the Tower of London, and then bathed themselves. Afterwards it became customary for the English monarchs to confer this dignity at the time of their coronation, or on other great occasions; as on the coronation of their queens, the inauguration of the Prince of Wales, birth or marriage of children of the blood-royal, . The iast "Knights of the Bath," created in the ancient form, were made at the coronation of Charles II., in 1661, after which time it fell into neglect until revived by George I., 18th May, 1725, who ordered a book of statutes to be drawn up for its government. By this, the number of knights was fixed at 38-viz., the sovereign, a prince of the blood, a grand master, and 35 knights-companions. To commemorate the auspicious termination of the long contests with France, the prince-regent extended the limits of the O. of the B. in 1815, but left to it its primary character of military order. It is but since 1847 that it was extended to the admi ion of civil knights. The 1st cla consists of Knights Grand Cro (G. C. B.); the number not to exceed, for military service, 50, exclusive Bath, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of North amp ton co., 100 m. E.N.E. of Harris burg, and 12 m. W. of the city of Easton. Bath, in Virginia , a central co., with an area of 725 sq. m., and intersected by Jackson's and the Cow pasture rivers, branches of the James. This is a fine and picturesque county, broken by valleys and spurs of the Alleghanies, which are well timbered, and yield abundant iron-stone and limestone. Many mineral springs are found, from which its name derives. Cap . Warm Springs. Bath, in Maine , a city, port of entry, and seat of justice of Sagadahock co., on the Kennebec River, 36 m. N.Ε. of Portland, and 12 m. from the ocean. B. is pleasantly situated, and has great advantages for commerce, being at the head of winter navigation. The river here is seldom frozen over. It is one of the most commercial towns in Maine, and considerably engaged in ship-building, both merchant and naval. Pop . in 1890, 8,723; in 1897 (est.) nearly 10,000. Bath, a post-village of Ontario, in Adding ton co., on Lake Ontario, 18 m. W. S. W. of Kingston. Bath Alum Springs, in Virginia , a fashionable "spa," or watering-place, of Bath co., 164 m. W. S.W. of IMG:content-0554.jpg:[graphic] The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia Richmond, and 6 S.E. of the "Warm Springs." - See VIRGINIA (MINERAL WATERS OF).