acid

(as’id). 1. [L. a’cid us, from a’cere to be sour.] Sour: having properties opposed to those of the alkalis. 2. [L. a’cidum.} Any compound of an electronegative element with one or more hydrogen atoms that are replaceable by electropositive atoms. The physical properties of acids are a sour taste, the power of turning litmus paper red, and the ability to neutralize alkalis. Acids are distinguished as binary or hydracids, and fermary or oxyacids: the former contain no oxygen; in the latter the hydrogen is united to the electronegative element by oxygen. The hydracids are distinguished by the pretix Aydro-. The names of acids end in “ic.” except in the case where there are two degrees of oxygenation, when the acid containing the greater amount of oxygen has the termination -ic, the one having the le er amount, the termination -ous. Acids ending in -ic form salts with the termination -ate; those ending in -ous form salts ending in -ie. The salts of hydracids end in -id. Acids are called monobasic, dibasic, tribasic, and tetrabasic, according as they contain one, two, three, or four replaceable hy drogen atoms. abietic a., abietinic a., a crystalline substance, C,.H—Oz, or po ibly C,,H..O,. forming a large part of rosin. abric a., a crystalline acid, C,,H2.N,O, from jequirity. aceric a., an acid from the juice of A’cer campes'tre, the European maple. acetamido-ethyl-salicylic a. Same as benz a cel in. acetic a., a colorle , crystalline acid, C,H,O,, also called glacial acetic a., the acid of vinegar. It is very poisonous, and acts as a caustic when applied to warts, hypertrophied ti ue, etc. Four forms are recognized: the ord3- nary. the dilute. the stronger, and the glacial. acetic a., dilute, an aqueous solution containing 6 per cent. of the pure acid. Dose, 60-90 min. (4-6 c.c.) in water. acetic a., glacial, a crystalline form of acetic acid: Vesicant and escharotic. ace to-acetic a. Same as diucetic a. acetylcresotinica. Seecrrasin. acetyl propionic a. See /evulinic a. acetyl-salicylic a. See aspirin. aconitic a., a crystalline acid, C,H,O,, from aconite and other plants. acrylic &., any one of a group of organic acids having’ the formula C,H,O,, and found in animal and vegetable ti ues. adenylic a., an acid containing adenin, derived from the thymus. adipic a., a crystalline acid, C.H,.O,, formed by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. agaric a., agaricic a., a resinous acid, C,\s6H»,O, + H,O, from the fungus Polyp’or us of ficin a’lis, or white agaric. It is a white, tastele powder, useful in night-sweats. Dose, 4-14 gr. (0.02-0.1 gm.). ailantic a., a Pitter acid from Ailantus excels a: tonic. an pci, CysH2,0;, from In’sla hdtntum” “aibumis Shaped like