EUDIOMETER

(Gr.eudios, serene), an instrument originally designed fer ascertaining the purity of the air or the quantity of oxygen it contains, but now employed generally in the analysis of gaseous mixtures. It consists of a graduated gla tube, either straight or bent in the shape of the letter U, hermetically sealed at one end and open at the other. Two platinum wires, intended for the conveyance of electric sparks through any mixture of gases, are inserted through the gla near the closed end of the tube, and approach but do not touch each other. To determine the proportion of oxygen in a given specimen of air, hydrogen is introduced into the tube with a measured volume of the air, and the mixture is fired by an electric spark. Water is formed, and the quantity of oxygen can be estimated from the diminution of volume. Ina mixture of gases, chemical absorbents may be used to remove the gases one by one, the amounts present being determined by the succe ive changes of volume. EUGENE /(i-jén’), or Franco is Eugéne, Prince of Savoy, fifth son of Eugéne Maurice, Duke of Savoy -Carignan, and Olympia Mancini, a niece of Cardinal Mazarin. He was born at Paris 18th Oct., 1663, and died in Vienna 21st April,1736. Offended with Louis XIV, he entered the Austrian service in 1683, serving his first campaign asa volunteer against the Turks. Here he distinguished himself so much 249 EUGENIA that he received a regiment of dragoons. Later, at the sieges of Belgrade and Mayence, he increased his reputation, and on the outbreak of war between France and Austria he received the command of the Imperial forces sent to Piedmont to act in conjunction with the troops of the Duke of Savoy. At the end of the war he was sent as commander-in-chief to Hungary, where he defeated the Turks at the battle of Zenta (11th Sept., 1697). P The War of the Spanish Succe ion brought Eugene again into the field. In Northern Italy he outmanceuyred Catinat and Villeroi, defeating the latter at Cremona (1702). In 1703 he commanded the Imperial army in Germany, and in co-operation with Marl borough frustrated the plans of France and her allies. In the battle of Blenheim, Eugene and Marl borough defeated the French and Bavarians under Marshal Tall ard,13th Aug.,1704. Next year Eugene, returning to Italy, forced the French to raise the siege of Turin, and in one month drove them out of Italy. During the following years he fought on the Rhine, took Lille, and, in conjunction with Marl borough defeated the French at Oudenarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709), where he himself was dangerously wounded. After the recall of Marl borough, which Eugene opposed in person at London, without succe , and the defection of England from the alliance against France, his further progre was in @ great measure checked. In the war with Turkey, in 1716, Eugene defeated two superior armies at Peterswardein and Temesvar, and, in 1717, took Belgrade, after having gained a decisive victory over a third army that came to its relief. During fifteen years of peace which followed, Eugene served Austria as faithfully in the Cabinet as he had done in the field. He was one of the great generals of modern times. ae G.B. Malleson, Prince Hugene of avoy.