HESSE

republic of Germany, (50° 30’ N., 9° E.), in S.W. of Pru ia, comprising the provinces Oberhe en, Starken burg, Rheinhe en, and eleven small Main, Fulda; chief towns—Darmstadt (cap.), Gie en, Mainz, Worms, Offenbach; has famous mineral springs, iron, salt, manganese ore; industries—leather goods, chemicals, furniture, hardware and machinery, tobacco, beer. He e ruled by landgraves from 13th cent. till 1567; then divided into He e-Ka el, which by 1866 were annexed by Pru ia, with exception of He e-Darmstadt, from that date simply known as He e. Formerly a grand-duchy, the state was proclaimed a republic in Nov. 1918. Area, 2,966 sq. m.; pop. 1919, 290,988. 9° E.), former grand-duchy of Germany, formed by division of He e, 1567; since 1866 known simple as He e.: