June

Mrs. Surratt was hanged on the 7th of July, and John H. Surratt escaped to Canada, thence to Europe. He was detected in Egypt, and brought back in 1867. His trial lasted two months, and ended in a disagreement of the jury. Surrentum (su-ren'tum). The Roman name of Sorrento. Surrey (sur'i). [ME. Surry , Surrye , Suthrey , AS. Suthrege, Suthrige , prob. for Suthrice , South Kingdom.] A county in England, bounded by Berks hire and Middle sex (from which it is separated by the Thames), Kent, Su ex, and Hampshire. It is traversed by the Downs. It contains a part of London, and many of its suburbs. Area, 758 square miles. Population (1891), 1,731,343. Surrey, Earl of. See Howard , Henry . Surrey, Second Earl of. See Howard , Thomas . Sursee (zör'zā). A small town in the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, situated on the Suhr 13 miles northwest of Lucerne. Surtr (sörtr). In Scand in avian mythology, a fire-giant of Ragnarök. Surville (sür-vēl'), Clotilde de. A French poet, said to have lived in the 15th century: the alleged author of “Poésies de Clotilde" (published by Van der bourg 1803: second collection published 1823). Survilliers, Comte de. See Bonaparte , Joseph. Surya (sör'ya). [In Skt., an adjective of relation (from svar , the sun, sunlight, light: pronounced in the Veda suar) which came to be used substantively.) The Sun: in the Rigveda one of the two most common designations of the Sun, the other being Savitri . Surya is called the son of Dyaus and also the son of Aditi, while in some pa ages he is distinguished from the Adityas. In one place Ushas, the Dawn, is said to be his wife, while in another the Dawns are said to produce him together with Sacrifice and Agni. He moves on a car drawn sometimes by one, sometimes by several or by seven, fleet and ruddy horses or mares. Pushan goes as his me enger with his golden ships, which sail in the aërial ocean. Surya is the preserver of all things stationary and moving, the vivifier of men, and common to them all, and beholds the good and bad deeds of mortals. He is the eye of Mitra and Varuna, and sometimes also of Agni. He is at times identified with Indra, but in many pa ages his position is dependent, his path being prepared by Indra, the Ushases, Soma, Dhatri, Varuna, Mitra and Varuna, Indra and Varuna, Indra and Vishnu, or the Angirases, when the divine personality of the sun is thrown into the background, and it becomes little more than a part of nature. (On Surya in the Veda, see Muir's "Original Sanskrit Texts," V. 155-161.) There is also a feminine personality Surya (sör-ya'), who is sometimes merely the sun personified as feminine, sometimes the wife of Surya, sometimes the daughter of Surya or Savitri and given in marriage to Soma, the Moon. The Surya or Sūryāsūkta, 'Surya hymn' (Rigveda X. 85), describing this wedding plays an important part in the wedding ceremony. Suryasiddhanta (sör-ya-sid-dhän'ta). [Sanskrit title: 'Siddhanta of the Sun. A celebrated astronomical work in Sanskrit, said to be a direct revelation from the Sun, and thought by some to be the same as the Saurasiddhanta, or one of the five earlier works on which was founded the Panchasiddhantika of Varahamihira, who lived about the beginning of the 6th century A. D. The Suryasiddhanta has been edited by Fitzedward Hall and Bapu Deva Shastrin in the "Bibliothe ca Indica," and translated by the latter for the same series. also contains a translation nominally by Ebenezer Burge , practically by W. D. Whitney, accompanied by a very thorough commentary by Whitney, one of the most valu able contributions of that scholar to Oriental research. Sus (sös). A mountainous district in Morocco, lying south and southwest of the city of Mo rocco. Susa (sösä). In ancient geography, the capital of Susiana or Elam, situated between the rivers Kerkha and Dizful, about lat. 32° N., long. 48° 25′ E.: the modern Sûs or Shush, and the scriptural Shushan. It was a royal residence and flourishing city throughout the period of the Achæmenid kings. The site at present exhibits a group of large and high mounds, forming together a diamond-shaped figure about 3 miles in circuit. Excavations were made in 1851 by Loftus in one of the mounds, with the result of disclosing the palace of Artaxerxes Mnemon, the chief feature being a fine colonnade of 340 feet front The excavation of Dieula. laid bare beneath these ruins those of the palace of Darius, son of Hystaspes, and showed that the upper strata of the mound are formed by super. posed layers of ruins, still but imperfectly explored. Susa (sö'sä). A seaport in Tunis, situated on the Gulf of Hamama 72 miles south by east of Tunis: probably the ancient Hadrumetum. Population, about 8,000. Susa. A town in the province of Turin, Italy, situated on the Dora Riparia, near the French frontier, 32 miles west of Turin: the Roman Segusio. It was an important eity and the chief town of the Cottian Alps. It has a cathedral, of which the campanile and the ma ive round arches of the nave are of the 11th century: the remainder of the church is later and Pointed. Among its Roman antiquities is a trium phal arch in honor of August us, now serving as a city gate. Population, about 4,000. Svendborg Susanna and the Elders. A painting by Remwest of Rome: the ancient Sutrium. brandt (1637), in the Royal Gallery at The Hague, Holland. Susanna is about to enter her bath, when she is startled at perceiving one of the elders in the thicket. IMG:content-1083.png:[blocks in formation] over 200 miles. Su ex (sus'eks). [ME. Su ex, Su exe , AS. Suth sexe , Sūth seaxe , South Saxons. Cf. E ex , We ex .] A maritime county of southern England. It is bounded by Surrey, Kent, the English Channel, and Hampshire, and traversed by the range of the South Downs. The northern part of the county is called the Weald (part of the ancient And reds weald). It is mainly an agricultural county. Formerly it was the chief seat of the English iron manufactures. It contains many seaside resorts. It nearly corresponds to the ancient kingdom of and came under the supremacy of We ex about 685. It Su ex, which was founded by Ælle (who landed here 477), was the scene of the landing of William the Conqueror and of the battles of Senlac and Lewes. Area, 1,458 square miles. Population (1891), 550,446. Su ex, Duke of. See August us Frederick . Sustenpa (zös'ten-päs). A pa of the Urner Alps, Switzerland, which connects the Hasli Valley, in the eastern part of the canton of Bern, with the valley of the Reu , canton of Uri. Sustermans (sus'ter-mäns), or Suttermans (sut'ter-mäns), Justus. Born at Antwerp, 1597: died at Florence, April 23, 1681. A Flemish por trait-painter, pupil of Willem de Vos and of Franz Pourbes the younger in Paris. At Flor. ence he was patronized by Grand Dukes Cosmo II. and III. and Ferdinand II. At Vienna (1623-24) he painted the emperor's portrait. In 1627 he painted Pope Urban VIII. He returned to Florence in 1653. He was a friend of Rubens and of Vandyke. Sutherland (suTH'er-land). The northwestern most county of Scotland. It is bounded by the Atlantic on the west and north, Caithne on the east, the North Sea on the southeast, and Ro and Cromarty on the south and southwest. The surface is generally mountainous and elevated. Area, 2,028 square miles. Population (1891), 21,896. Sutherland, First Duke of. See Leveson Gower, George Granville . Sutherland Falls. A noted cascade near Milford Sound, in New Zealand. Height, 1,900 feet. It was an ancient Etruscan town, and later a Roman colony. Population (1881), 2,266. Sutro (sö'trō), Adolph He in rich Joseph. Born at Aix-la-Chapelle, Rhenish Pru ia, April 29, 1830: died Aug. 8, 1898. A German-American mining engineer. He received his education in the polytechnic schools in Germany; emigrated to the United States in 1850; and in 1860 went to Nevada, where he planned the famous Sutro tunnel at Virginia City, connecting with and draining the mines of the Com stock Lode. The main tunnel is over 20,000 feet in length. It was begun in 1869, and connection was made with the first of the mines in 1878. Elected mayor of San Francisco 1894. Sutter (sut'er), John August us. Born at Kandern, Baden, Feb. 15, 1803: died at Washington, D. C., June 17, 1880. A Swi -American pioneer and trader. He founded a settlement on the was first discovered in Califor site of Sacramento. Gold was nia on his property in 1848. Sutton (sut'on), Charles Manners, first Viscount Canterbury. Born 1780: died 1845. An English politician, for many years speaker of the House of Commons. Suva (sö'vä). A seaport on the southern coast of Viti Levu, capital of the Fiji Islands. Suvaroff (sö-vä'rof), or Suvoroff (sö-võ'rof), or Suwarrow (sö-vä'rov), or Suwaroff (sö-vä'rof), Count Alexander. Born in Finland, Nov. 25, 1729: died at St. Petersburg, May 18, 1800. A celebrated Ru ian field-marshal, of Swedish descent. He served in the Seven Years' War against the Poles, and 1773-74 against the Turks; suppre ed the revolt of Pugatcheff 1774-75; defeated the Turks at Kinburn in 1787, and at Fokshani and Rymnik in 1789 (being surnamed Rymnimski for this last victory); stormed Is mail in 1790: stormed Praga, near Warsaw, and was made field-marshal in 1794; defeated the French at the battles of Ca ano, the Trebbia, and Novi in 1799 (for which he was surnamed Italüski); and cro ed the Alps and traversed Switzerland 1799. Having been recalled in disgrace by the emperor Paul, he retired to his country-seat, where he died. Suwalki (sö-väl'kē). The northernmost government in Ru ian Poland, bordering on East Pru ia and the governments of Kovno, Vilna, Grodno, and Lomza. Area, 4,846 square miles. Population (1897), 604,973. Suwalki. Suwalki. The capital of the government of Suwalki, xi, in in lat. 54° 12′ N., long. 22° 55′ E. 1, 16,863. Population, 16,8 Suwanee, or Suwannee (su-wa'nē). A river in southern Georgia and Florida which flows into the Gulf of Mexico about lat. 29° 18′ Ν. Length, about 250 miles. Suwaroff, or Suwarrow. See Suvaroff . Suwonada (sö-wō-näʼdä), or Inland Sea. A part of the Pacific Ocean which lies southwest of the main island of Japan, and is nearly in cosed by the it and islands of Kiusiu and ShiSuzdal (söz-däl), or Susdal (sös-däl'), or Souzdal (söz-däl'). A town in the government of Vladimir, Ru ia, situated on the Kamenka 115 miles east-northeast of Moscow. It was the seat of a medieval Ru ian principality. Population (1885–89), 6,991. Suzdal, Principality of (or Vladimir). A principality, and at times grand principality, of Ru ia, about the upper basin of the Volga: founded in the middle of the 12th century. It supplanted Kieff as the chief Ru ian state, and was united with the principality of Moscow in the 14th century. Svalocin (sval'ō-sin). [ Nicol a us reversed: see Rotanev .] The name given in the Palermo Catalogue to the fourth-magnitude star a Delphin i. Svartisen (svärt'e-sen). ['Black ice."] An ice covered tract near the northwestern coast of Norway, just north of the Arctic Circle. Length, about 35 miles. Height above sea-level, about 4,000 feet. Sveaborg (svā'ä-borg). A fortre in the harbor of Helsingfors, elsingfors. Finland. It It was constructed in 1749; was betrayed to the Ru ians May 3, 1808; and was bombarded by the Anglo-French fleet Aug. 9-10, 1855. Svealand (svä'ä-länd). The historical name of central Sweden. It comprised Söderm an land, Upland, Wester man land, Nerike, Wermland, and Dale carl i a. Svend. See Sweyn . Svendborg (svendborg). An amt of Denmark, comprising part of Fünen with Lan gel and, Taasinge, etc. Population, 120,707. Ba Try Svendborg Svendborg. A seaport on the southern coast of the island of Füñen, Denmark, in lat. 55° 4′ N., long. 10° 37′ E. Population (1890), 8,755. Svengali. See Trilby . Svenigorodka (sve-ne-gō-rod'kä). A town in the government of Kieff, Ru ia, situated on the Gniloi Tikitch 98 miles south of Kieff. Population, about 11,000. Sverige (sva're-ge). The Swedish name of Sweden.