BATTERY

n. Baît'te?r-i?, Fr., batter Ger., Batterie. It., batter i a, Sp., bateria. A series of similar electrical elements so interconnected that the combined action of all of them can be used simultaneously for the same purpose. [el a we lome rate Leelanché b. A form of Leclanché's b. in which the carbon element is surrounded Byarlates of a special composition, secured around it with rubber bands. By adding plates, the internal resistance may be intensified. [A, 467.]—B. curr See under Cur —B, of Leyden jars.’ See Leyden-jar b.—B. re under RESsISTANCE.—Bichromate b., Bichromate-otsium b. A single-fluid or two-fluid zinc-carbon b. in which, in order to prevent the acce of hydrogen bubbles to: the carbon plates, pota ium bichromate is added to the solution or to one of the solutions. For a single-fluid b., a saturated solution of the bichromate, made with boiling water, is added to dilute sulphuric acid. For a two-fluid b., the first solution may be made by di olving 2 oz. of the bichromate in 20 oz. of hot water, and adding, when cold, 10 0z, of sulphuric acid. This addition causes the liquid to become warm again, and it should be allowed to cool before being used, The second solution is a saturated solution of sodium chloride. The bichromate solution is poured into the porous cup containing the carbon nntil it reaches to about 4 inch from the top: the salt solution is poured into the outer ve el contain in the zine until it reaches the same level. This form of b. is muc! used when a moderately powerful current is needed for a short tine only. Its electro-motive force is said to be2 volts. [A, 376; L. Clark (A, 464); A, 466.|—Bunsen’s b. A b. of Bunsen’s cells, substantially identical with Grove's, except that carbon is substituted for platinum. 700% AS usually constructed, the zinc element is a cleft cylinder immersed in dilute sulphuric acid. Within this there is a porous cy containing strong nitric acid, in which a rectangular prism of carbon is immersed, The nitric acid intercepts the hydrogen on its way to the carbon, and forms nitrous acid cautery b. A cautery b. devised’ by Byrne, of Brooklyn, in which the plates are of platinum and_ zine, rforated, and the solution is the same as is used in the bichromate-of-pota ium b. The tendency to an accumulation of hydrogen is counteracted by agitation of the liquid by forcing a current of air through it by means of ahand bulb, [A, 466.J— Cabinet b. A b. contained in a cabinet provided with a key-board on which are arranged a current - selector and usually a number of other devices for modify in; the current employed, ah as a commutator, a rheotome, a rheostat, etc., and commonly also an induction apparatus. [A, 466.]—Callay. A modification of Grove’s b, in which platinized lead is substituted for platinum, and a mixture of sulphuric acid, nitric acid. and a saturated solution of pota ium nitrate for nitric acid. [A, 24.]—Cascade b. Ger., Cascadenbatterie. A Leyden-jar b. in which the inner coating of the first jar is connected with the prime conductor of the machine, and ‘its outer coating, insulated from the earth, is connected with the inner coating of the second jar, and so on to the last jar, the outer coating of the latter being connected with the earth. So called from the succe ive falls of potential from jar to jar. [A, 876.j—Cautery b. A galvanic b, constructed with special reference to the generation of a current of high quantity. The plates are very large and BUNSEN’S CELL. [A, 376.] with it. [A, 376,]—Byrne’s | placed near each other, polarization belng prevented by agitation of the liquid, The pa age of such a current through a platinum wire or a piece of platinum (usually fasbioned into an implement, such as a knife) heats the platinum, which is then used as a cautery, [A, 467.| _Chloride-of-silver b.’ À b. in which the elements are zine and silver, chloride of silver in powder being placed in the bottom of each cell and a solution of common salt (1.7! ns to the gallon) poured over it. This form of b. is mostly used for purposes requiring a large number of cells. It is very constant in its electro-motive force. [W. De La Rue (A, 466).]—Chromate-of pota ium b. See Bichromate-of-pota ium b.—Constant b., Constant-eurrent b., Constant voltaic b. Fr., batterie à courants constants. 1,. in which the elements are permanently immersed, so that it is always ready for use, 2. A b. which, as compared with others, works for a long time without any considerable variation. 3. A galvanic b. as distinguished from an induction macbine,—Cruickshank’s b. A rectangular box or trough of charred wood, divided into compartments by partitions each consisting of a plate of zinc and a plate of copper soldered together, the compartments being filled with dilute acid. [A, $76.) —Danîell’s b. A b. in which the elements are zinc and copper, the copper being immersed in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper contained in an inner porous ce!l, and the zine in dilute sulphuric acid contained in an outer gla cup; or the gla ve el may be dispensed ith, the copper plate being a cylindrical ve el of copper containing the saturated solution, and the porous cup containing the zinc and the dilute acid being placed within it. [A, 376, 467.|—Dawson’s cautery b. Ab. of two cells, each containing two plates of zinc, perforated, nay plate of platinum, the agitation of the liquid being accomplished by moving a frame up and down between the plates. Devi: B. F, Dawson, of. { p ae La Rue’s b. A b. of 11.000 DANIELL’S CELL, [A, 376.] small chloride-of-silver cells; used for obtaining discharges in rarefied gases for experimental pures. [A, 37 uid b. See Two-fluid b.—Dry b. A p. in which either no liquid is used, as in Zamboni's dry voltaic pile, or some such substance as sand, sawdust, or paper, moistened with acidulated water, separates the elements in each cell. [A, 376.]. Electric b. Fr., batterie électrique, Ger., elektrische Batterie. It.. batter i a elettrica. Sp., bateria eléctrica. Any b. for generating electricity, more particularly a Leyden-jar b. (q. v.).—Faradaic b. A b. arranged to work an induction apparatus.—Faure’s b. 1, A modification of Bunsen’s b. in which the nitric acid is contained in the carbon element, which is made in the form of a bottle and closed with a carbon stopper. [A, 464.] 2 A modification of Planté’s secondary b. in which the lead plates are coated with red lead.—Fuller’s b. A b. of cells each of which consists’ of a porous cup containing mercury and water, in which the zinc element is immersed, placed in a large gla jar containing a carbon plate of large size and a saturated solution of pota ium bichromate in dilute sulphuric acid; used chiefly for working an induction coil. [A, 467,J—Galvanie b. Fr., batterie galvanique. Ger. galvanische Batterie. It., batter i a galvanic a, Sp., baterta gal ica. Any b. which generates galvanic electricity. —Galvanic cautery b., Galvano-cautery b. See Cautery b—Gas b. Ab. devised by Grove, each cell of which cons is f a ve el containing A acidulated water in which the lower portions of two platinum plates are immersed, while, their upper portions are surrounded, one by $} oxygen and the other by hydrogen, the gases alae inclosed in inverted jars. The oxygen jar of each cell is connected with the hydrogen jar of the next cell. The plates are usually covered with a deposit of finely divided platinum to increase the rapidity of the action, [A, 376.]—Gravitation b., », Gravity. b. A two-fluid b. in which one solution floats on the other without the intervention of a diaphragm, [A, 467.] See Hils b.—Grenet’s b. A b. + each cell of which contains two carbon plates immersed in a saturated solution of pota ium bichromate in dilute sulphuric acid. together with a movable zinc plate so arranged as to be lifted out of the solution when the b. is not in use. [A.467.)—Grove’s b. A b. in which each cell consists of a platinum element immersed in nitric acid and a zinc element immersed in dilute sul- . huric acid, the two liquids being separated HARE’S CELL. [A,376.]" bya porous cup. Its advantage is in its low resistance, but the fumes which it gives off are very objectionable. |A, 464, 467.] See also Gas b.—Hare’s b. Ab, of cells devised by Hare, of Philadelphia, characterized by low O, no; 0%, not; O3, whole; Th, thin; Th?, the; U, like oo in too; U2, blue; U4, lull; U4, full; US, urn; US, like ü (German), 79 resistance. Two very large plates of zinc and copper are rolled on a cylinder of wood, and separated from each other with pieces of cloth or some indifferent substance. They are immersed in acidulated water, From the powerful heating effects obtained with this cell, it is called Hare’s deflagrator. [A, 876.]—Hill’s b. A zinc-copper gravity b. A copper plate rests on the bottom of the jar, in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper. A perforated disc of zinc is suspended in a solution of sulphate of zinc, the latter floating on the copper solution. [A, 467.]—Leclanché’s b. A zinc-carbon b. in which the zine element, in the form of a rod, is immersed in a solution of ammonium chloride contained in a gla jar, and the carbon plate, closely packed in a coarse powder of black oxide of manganese and owdered carbon, is contained in a porous cup placed in the jar. he packed porous cup is filled with water, and the top of the cell is closed with pitch. ‘This b, is weak, but remains long available when used only for short periods at a time. [A. 463, 464, 466, 467.]— Leyden b., Leyden-jar b. A number of Leyden jars so connected that they can all be discharged at once. Usually the outer coatings are all connected with each other, and all the inner coatings with each other. The connection of the outer coatings is accomplished by placing the jars in compartments of a box lined with tin foil, and it is advisable that they should be freely connected with the earth by means of a chain attached to a gas-pipe or water-pipe. The inner coatings are connected by means of bra rods, Arlt is connecting these rods with the conductor of the machine the discharge is given. [A, 376; B, 270.) For another [A, 876.) form of connection, see Cascade b—Magnetic b. Fr., batterie magnétique. Ger.. magnet is che Batterie. It., batter i a magnetic a. Sp., bateria magnétic a. A combination of horseshoe magnets. [BJ -Marié-Davy b. Ab. of cells in which a carbon element is immersed in a paste of sulphate of mercury and water contained in THE LEYDEN-JAR BATTERY. & porous cup, and a zine element is immersed in dilute sulphuric acid or a solution of sulphate of zinc. [A, 464.]—Menotti’s b. A b. similar in arrangement to Hill’s b., but with the two solutions pared by a layer of sawdust. [A, 464.]—Nobili’s b. See ermo-electric PILE.—One-fluld b. A b, in which both elements are immersed together in one liquid.—Permanent b. See Constant b. (2d def.).—Piffard’s cautery b. A zinc-platinum b. devised by H. G. Piffard, of New York, in which the agitation of the liquid is accomplished hy rocking the elements, which may be connected for either quantity or intensity. [A, 467.]—Planté’s b. A secondary b. each cell of which contains two plates of lead rolled like the plates of Hare’s b., and immersed in acidulated water. [A, 8i6.]—Plunge b. Ger., Tauchbatterie. A b. in which the plates are not constantly immersed, but are lowered into the liquid when. the b. is to be used.—Poggendorf’s b. À b. in which the form of the cell is similar to that of Bunsen’s. The porous cup contains a carbon rod immersed in a mixture of 25 parts of sulphuric acid, 12 of pota ium bichromate, and 100 of water, and the outer ve el contains a zinc rod immersed in a mixture of 12 parts of sulphuric acid and 1 part of water. [Niaudet (A, 466).]—Sand b. See Dry b. —Sawdust b. See Dry b. and Menotti’s b.—Secondary b. Syn.: storage b., galvanic accumulator. A galvanic b. which has of itself no tendency to give forth a current, but is made capable of doing so when, after chemical action has gone on within it for a time, that action is reversed by the pa age through it of a current from an ordinary b. The current (see Secondary CURRENT) which it is then capable of giving is in the reverse direction to that of the current from the ordinary b, employed, and is of short duration, but of very great quantity, so that a secondary b. charged from two or three of Grove’s or Bunsen’s cells (which answer best for the purpose) will for a short time produce effects greater than could be obtained directly by the use of many hundred cells. Its heating effect is remarkable, and it has been chiefly used in medieine as a cautery b. [A, 466; ‘‘Saturday Review,” ‘Pop. Sci. Month.,” Aug., 1881, p. 546.) e also Planté’s b. and Faure’s b, (2a def.). — Siemens and Halske’s b. A modification of Daniell’s b. The cop plate is placed at the bottom of the jar, mersed in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper. Over this there is a packing of papier maché on which the zine, immersed in water. S ry constant b. [A, 467. ingle-fluid b. See One fluid b. Smee’s b. A b, each cell of which coi tains two amalgamated zinc plates and, between them, a thin plate of er havin; its surfaces covered with a deposit of roug! platinum in powder, all being immersed in dilute sulphuric acid. [A, 464, 466, 467.] — Storage b. See Secondary b.—Suiphateof-copper b. A b. in which one element is of copper immersed in a saturated solution of sulphate of copper, and the other of zinc immersed in water or a solution of chloride of sodium or sulphate of zine. [A, 467.]—Thermo: ectric b. See Thermoelectric PILE—Thomson’s b. A modification of Daniell’s b. in which the copper element is in the form of a lining to the bottom of a leaden and wooden tray, over which à saturated solution of sulphate of zinc is poured, and the zine element, in the form of a grating, rests upon blocks of wood pl in the tray. [A, 464; C. Maxwell (A, 466).]—Tip b. A b. in which the elements are immersed in the liquid or withdrawn from it by tipping the jar one way or the other.—Trough b. A general term for a cla of batteries of which Cruickshank’s is an example. —Trouvé’s b. A modification of Grenet’s b. in which the cells are of large size and the elements are raised and lowered by means of a windla . [A, 467.]—Two-tluid b. A b. in which one element is immersed in one liquid and the other in another, the two liquids either being contained in separate receptacles or floating one upon the other. [A, 466.]—Voltaie b. r. batterie voltaïque. Ger., volta is che Batterie. It., batter i a voltaic a. See Galvanic b. Walker’s b. A modification of Smee’s b. in which platinized carbon is substituted for platinized silver. [A, 467.]--Wollaston’s b. A zine-copper b. in which the zine eR is suspended between the two portions of the copper plate folded about it, the two metals being separated by pieces of wood or cork. [A, 376.|—Zine-earhon b. Ab. in which one element is zinc and the other carbon.—Zine copper b. A b. in which one element is zinc and the other copper.