Indianapolis

Population (1900), 3,005. Attica. A nomarchy of modern Greece. Capital, Athens. Area, 883 square miles. Population (1896), 255,978. Attic Bee, The. A surname of the Greek tragic poet Sophocles, and also of Plato. Attic Muse, The. An epithet of the Greek historian Xenophon. Atticus (at'i-kus), Titus Pompon i us. Born at Rome, 109 в. с.: died March, 32 B. C. A Roman scholar and bookseller, an intimate friend of Cicero, best known from the letters addre ed to him by the great orator. His chief work was "a synchronistic Roman history in the somewhat meagre form of tables, probably with the addition of the con- temporary history of foreign peoples which had acquired importance in connection with that of Rome, and, as a supplement, the pedigrees of the chief Roman families" ( Teuffel and Schwabe, Hist. Rom. Lit. (tr. by G. C. W. Warr), I. 269). have been called after his own name, and placed on an equal footing with the Ramnes, Titienses, and Luceres. Tarquin, mockery of the augur's art, said: - "Tell me now by thy auguries whether the thing I have now in my mind may be done or not." "It may," replied Attius Na- vius, after he had consulted the gods by augury. "Well, then," rejoined the king, "it was in my mind that thou shouldst cut this whetstone in two with this razor." The augur took the razor and severed the whetstone; Tarquin desisted from his scheme, and learnt to respect the omens. The whetstone and razor were buried under a sacred cov- ing in the Comitium, and a veiled statue of Att[i]us Navius was afterwards set up over the spot. Atticus Herodes, Tiberius Claudius. Born at Marathon, Greece, about 104 A. D.: died Attiwendaronk. See Neuter . about 180. A celebrated Greek rhetorician and public benefactor. He erected at his own ex- pense many public works at Athens, Corinth, Olympia, and elsewhere, and restored several decayed towns in IMG:content-0145.png:[blocks in formation] Attleborough (at'l-bur-ō). A town in Nor- folk, England, 14 miles southwest of Norwich. Population, 5,047. Attleborough. A town in Bristol County, Ma achusetts. 31 miles southwest of Boston. situated on the Indus in lat. 33° 54′ N., long. 72° 15′ E., built by Akbar in 1581. It is at the head of navigation. The Indus is cro ed here by a rail- way bridge. At truck. See Atrek . Attucks (at'ukz), Crispus. Died at Boston, March 5, 1770. A half-breed Indian or mulatto, the alleged leader of the mob at the "Boston ma acre," March 5, 1770, in which he was the first to fall. Attwood (at'wud), Thomas. Born at London, Nov. 23, 1765: died at Chelsea, March 24, 1838. An English musician, a pupil of Mozart, organ- ist of St. Paul's Cathedral, and composer to the Chapel Royal (1796). He was one of the founders of the Philharmonic Society. His works comprise songs, glees, anthems, music for the stage, etc. He was buried American Indians. See Palaihnihan . Atum. See Atm . Atures (ä-tö'rez). A town in Venezuela, situ- ated on the Orinoco at one of its principal cat a- racts, about lat. 5° 38′ N. At water (at' wa-ter), Lyman Hotch ki . Born at New Haven, Conn., Feb. 17, 1813: died at Princeton, N. J., Feb. 17, 1883. An American clergyman, educator, and editor of the "Prince- ton Review." He was appointed profe or of mental and moral philosophy at Princeton in 1854, and later (1869) of logic and moral and political science. Atwood (at' wud), George. Born 1746: died at London, July 11, 1807. A noted English mathematician. having been fellow and tutor of Trinity College, he was given a sinecure as patent-searcher of the customs by Wil- liam Pitt as an indirect remuneration for executing the calculations connected with the revenue. He wrote "A Treatise on the Rectilinear Motion and Rotation of Bodies, etc." (1784), "A Di ertation on the Construction and Prop- erties of Arches" (1801), etc. In the former of these works occurs the first description of the well-known "Atwood's machine" for exhibiting the action of gravity. Atys, or Attis (at'is). A mythical personage in the worship of the Phrygian godde Cy- bele (Rhea), son of the Lydian supreme god Manes, or of Nana, daughter of the river-god Sangar i us, and beloved of Cybele. Hemet his death in early youth at a pine-tree, which received his spirit, while from his blood sprang violets. A tomb was raised to him on Mount Dindymum, in the sanctuary of Cybele, the priests of which had to be eunuchs. A festival of or- giastic character, lasting three days, was celebrated in his honor in the spring. A pine-tree covered with violets was carried to the shrine of Cybele as a symbol of the departed Atys. Then, amidst tumultuous music and the wildest ex- hibition of grief, the mourners sought for Atys on the mountains. On the third day he was found, and the re- joicing which followed was as extravagant as the mourn ing which preceded. The myth may be considered as the counterpart of the Greek legend of Aphrodite and Adonis, which itself is borrowed from the Semitic legend of muz and Ishtar. According to Rawlinson the name means 'under the influence of Ate,' i. e., 'judicially blind.' Aubagne (o-bäny'). A town in the depart- Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, II. 40. ment of Bouches-du-Rhône, France, situated At ting hausen (ät'ting-hou-zen). A small vilon the Huveaune 10 miles east of Marseilles. lage in the canton of Uri, Switzerland, situated Population (1891), 8,154. Attis . See Atys . Attius. See Accius . Aubervilliers (ō-ber-ve-lya'). A suburb of Paris, 1 mile north of the fortifications. Popu- lati on (1891), commune, 25,022. Aubigné, Françoise d'. See Main ten on , Ma- dame de . Aubigné, Merle d'. See Merle d'Aubigné . Aubigné (ō-be-nya'), Théodore Agrippa d'. Born near Pons, Saintonge, France, Feb. 8, 1552: died at Geneva, April 29, 1630. A French Huguenot historian, satirist, and soldier, in the administrative service of Henry IV. He wrote "His to ire universelle 1550-1601" (1616-20), "His to ire secrète," satires, etc. Aubin (ō-ban'). A town in the department of Aveyron, France, in lat. 44° 32′ N., long. 2° 15′ E. Population (1891), commune, 9,052. Aublet (ō-bla'), Jean Baptiste Chris top he Fusée. Born at Salon, Provence, Nov. 4, 1720: died at Paris, May 6, 1778. A French botanist. In 1752 he went to Mauritius, where he spent several years. From 1762 to 1764 he traveled in French Guiana, and in the latter year was in Santo Domingo. The results of his voyages were published in 1775, in his "His to ire des plantes de la Guyane française" (4to, 2 vols. text, 2 of plates), containing also descriptions of species from Mauritius, and many notes of general interest. Aubrac (ō-bräk'). A mountain-group in the departments of Aveyron and Lozère, France, connected with the system of the Cévennes. Its highest point is nearly 4,800 feet. Aubrey (a'bri), Mr. 1. The principal character in Samuel Warren's novel "Ten You sand a Year," afterward succeeding to the title of Lord Drelincourt. A reserved and elegant country gentleman with an income of ten you sand a year, the lo and subsequent recovery of which form the main interest of the book. 2. In Cumber land's play "The Fashionable Lover, the father of August a Aubreya He re- The Century Cyclopedia of Names sion for his services in restoring the bridge over the Bere- sin a, and was fatally wounded at the battle of Leipsic. Aubry de Montdidier (ō-brē' dė môn-de-dyā'). A French gentleman of the court of Charles V. northern part of North Island, New Zealand. Auckland. A seaport, capital of the county of Eden, New Zealand, situated on Hauraki Gulf in lat. 36° 50′ S., long. 174° 49′ E.: the former capital of New Zealand. It has one of the best harbors in New Zealand, and contains a college and ca- thedral. Population (1891), 28,613, or 51,127 with suburbs. Auckland, Earl of. See Eden . Auckland Islands. A group of uninhabited islands in the South Pacific Ocean, south of New Zealand, in lat. 50° 30′ S., long. 166° 13′ E., claimed by Great Britain. They were discovered Audley, or Audeley, James de. Born about 1316: died at Fontenay-le-Comte, 1369. An English commander in the wars of Edward III., noted for his bravery. Audley, Thomas (Baron Audley of Walden). Born in E ex, England, 1488: died at London, April 30, 1544. An English politician, speaker of the House of Commons 1529-33, and lord chancellor of England 1533-44. Audouin (ō-dö-an'), Jean Victor. Born at Paris, April 27, 1797: died at Paris, Nov. 9, 1841. A noted French entomologist. He wrote a "His to ire des insectes nuisibles à la vigne" Audran, Claude. Born at Lyons, 1658: died 1734. Á Á French painter, eldest son of Germain Audran: an instructor of the painter Watteau. Audran, Gérard. Born at Lyons, 1640: died at Paris, 1703. An engraver, third son of the elder Claude Audran, celebrated especially for his engravings of Lebrun's historical paintings. He wrote "Proportions du corps huma in " (ūdō). Born in Me so pot am i a: died in Scythia Audran (oō-dron'), Charles. Born at Paris, about 370 A. D. The founder, about 330, of a 1594: died at Paris, 1674. A noted French en- rigid monastic sect in Scythia, which subsisted graver. His prints, which are numerous, are about a hundred years. He was an an thro pom or marked "C," later "K." phist, and observed Easter on the 14th of Nisan, accord. Audran, Claude. Born at Paris, 1597: died at ing to the Jewish fashion. Lyons, 1677. A French engraver, brother of Aude (ōd). A department of France, capital Charles Audran. Car cas sonne, bounded by Tarn and Hérault Audran, Claude. Born at Lyons, 1639: died on the north, the Mediterranean on the east, Pyrénées-Orient a les on the south, Haute-Ga- ronne on the northwest, and Ariège on the west. It formed part of ancient Langue doc. There are outli- ers of the Pyrenees in the south and of the Cévennes in the north It comprises 4 arrondi ements. Area, 2,436 square miles. Population (1891), 317,372. Aude. A river in southern France which rises in the Pyrenees and flows into the Mediterra- nean Sea 11 miles east of Narbonne. Car cas sonne is situated on it. Length, about 125 miles. Audebert (ōd-bar'), Jean Baptiste. Born at (1693). Rochefort, France, 1759: died at Paris, 1800. Audran, Germain. Born at Lyons, 1631: died A French naturalist and artist. Audefroy le Bastard (od-frwä' le bås-tär'). Auca in et Nicolette (ō-ka-san' ā nē-kō-let'). Audh. See Oudh . 1. A French romance of the 13th century, Audhumla (ou-DHum'lä). [Icel.] The cow, in named from the hero and heroine. See the flowed the milk which nourished the first cre- ated being, the giant Ymir, and his race. She licked out of the salty ice a being, Buri, whose son, Börr, was the father of Odin. Audians (a'di-anz). A monastic sect founded by Audius or Audæus, a Syrian, in the 4th century. Audius, after unsucce ful attempts to im- prove the morals of the clergy, separated from the church and was irregularly appointed bishop. Various heretical opinions were attributed to the sect. Audience. [Sp. Audiencia .] Originally, a su- perior court of Spain. The audience as established in the Spanish colonies of America had very extensive powers, frequently in legislative and administrative mat ters as well as in judicial ones. In the latter respect it was the superior of crown governors, but inferior to the viceroys. In criminal suits its decisions admitted of no appeal; in civil cases an appeal lay to the Council of the Indies only where the amount involved was large. 1710. A French engraver, nephew of Charles Audran. Audran, Jean. Born at Lyons, 1667: died at Paris, 1756. A French engraver, third son of Germain Audran. His best-known work is The audience properly consisted of four oidores (auditors Aue (ou'e). The name of various small rivers or judges), one of whom, as president, virtually ruled the rest. In regions governed by a viceroy, the president of the audience commonly exercised the viceregal functions Aue. A manufacturing town in the kingdom in case of a temporary vacancy. Elsewhere, as in Charcas, of Saxony, situated on the Mulde 14 miles he governed the country as a province, subject to a vice- roy in another place. The audiences could appoint tem- governors and captains-general, their powers were often so nearly balanced by those of the audience as to give rise to constant disputes. The first audience established in America was that of Santo Domingo; later there were au- diences of Panama, Los Reyes (Lima), Confines (Central America), New Spain, Charcas, Chile, Bogotá, etc. See Audierne (ō-de-arn'). A seaport in the de- part ment of Finistère, France, 22 miles west Auchmuty (ok'mu-ti), Samuel. Born at Bos- ton, Ma ., Jan. 16, 1722: died at New York, March 6, 1777. A royalist Episcopal clergy of Quimper. Population (1891), 3,401. Auchmuty, Sir Samuel. Born at New York, Born at Saorgio, near Nice, 1714: died July 3, man, rector of Trinity Church, New York city. Aud if fred i (ou-def-fra'dē), Giovanni Battista. 1794. An Italian astronomer and bibliographer. Louis Gaston). Born at Paris, Oct. 10, 1787: died at Paris, April 28, 1878. A French fin an- cier and government official, author of “ "Sys- tème financier de la France" (1840), etc. Audiffret-Pasquier (o-de-fra' päs-ke-ā'), Duc d' (Edme Armand Gaston). Born at Paris, Oct. 23, 1823. A French statesman, president been recovered by the Spaniards and Beres ford had surren- dered. Unable with his force to retake Buenos Ayres, he at tacked Monte video and took it by storm, after a bloody of the Senate 1876-79. fight (Feb. 3, 1807) Auchmuty was shortly after super Auditorium (a-di-tō'ri-um). A large building the disastrous campaign against Buenos Ayres. In 1808 in Chicago, combining a hotel and a theater. he became major-general, and from 1810 to 1813 he served It is situated at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Con- with distinction in India and Java. In 1821 he was ap- pointed commander-in-chief in Ireland. gre street, and has a front of 360 feet on the latter street. It was erected 1887-89. IMG:content-0147.png:[blocks in formation] Population (1890), 6,004. Auerbach, Berth old. Born at Nordstetten, Würtemberg, Feb. 28, 1812: died at Cannes, France, Feb. 8, 1882. Á noted German novelist, poet, and author, of Hebrew birth. He studied at Tübingen, Munich, and Heidelberg, and was impris- oned in 1836 in the fortre of Hohenasperg for participa- tion in the Burschenschaft. Among his works are a trans- lati on of Spinoza, "Schwarzwälder Auerbach, He in rich Auerbach, He in rich (originally Stromer). Born at Auerbach, Bavaria, 1482: died 1542. A German medical profe or, famous as the builder of "Auerbach's Keller." Auerbach's Keller (Cellar). A wine-cellar in Auerbach's Hof ('tavern') in Leipsic (No. 1 Grimmaische Stra e), famous from its connection with the Faust legends, with Goethe's "Faust," and with the academic years of the youthful Goethe. There are two mural paintings of the 16th century under arches, one of which repreents Fausteated with others at a table with a goblet in his hand: a black dog watches him. The other shows Faust, astride of a wine-cask, being whisked by the agency of the demon through the open door. The pictures and inscriptions have several times restored. Auersberg (ou'ers-be ers-berg). One of the chief mountains of the Erzgebirge, Saxony, 20 miles southeast of Zwickau. IMG:content-0148.png:[blocks in formation] Athene, Αὐγεία.] In Greek mythology, a prieste of Athene, mother by Heracles of Telephus. Auge (ozh), or Vallée d'Auge. A district in the eastern part of the department of Calvados, Normandy. Augeas (a'je-as or a-jē'as), or Augeias (a-ji'as). [Gr. Αυγέας οι Ἀυγείας .] In Greek mythology, a son of Helios (or of Phorbas) and Hermione, king of the Epeians Epeians in Elis, and one of the Argonauts. He was the owner of an enormous herd of cattle, including twelve white bulls sacred to the sun. The cleaning of his stable or farm-yard was one of the labors of Hercules (Heracles). He was slain by Her Auersperg (ou'ers-perg), Count Anton Alex- ander von: pseudonym An as tas i us Grün. Born at Laibach, Carniola, April 11, 1806: died at Gratz, Styria, Sept. 12, 1876. A noted Auscules. tri an poet and statesman, member of the Frank- Augean stable. See Augeas . fort Parliament of 1848, and later of the Aus- Auger (ō-zhā), Athanase. Born at Paris, tri an Reichsrat. Among his works are "Der Letzte Ritter" (1830, "The Last Knight"), "Spaziergänge eines Wiener Poeten" (1831, "Promenades of a Viennese Poet"), "Schutt" (1835, "Ruins"), "Gedichte" (1837), "Volkslieder aus Krain" (1850), "Robin Hood" (1864), and (posthumously) "In der Veranda: eine dichterische Nachlese" (1876). His collected works were published in 1877. Auersperg, Prince Adolf Wilhelm Daniel. Born July 21, 1821: died at his castle Goldegg in Lower Austria, Jan. 5, 1885. An Austrian statesman, brother of Prince Karl Wilhelm 1871-79. Auersperg, premier of the Cisleithan ministry Auersperg, Prince Karlos. Born May 1, 1814: died Jan. 4, 1890. An Austrian statesman, several times from 1861 president of the upper chamber of the Reichsrat. Auerstädt, or Auerstedt (ou'er-stet). A vil lage in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, 14 miles northeast of Weimar. A famous victory was gained here Oct. 14, 1806, by the French (35,000) under Davout over the Pru ians (50,000) under the Duke of Brunswick (Frederick William III. present). The lo of the French was 7,500; of the Pru ians, over 10,000 (including Duke of Brunswick). On the same day Napoleon defeated another Pru ian army at Jena. See Jena . Auerstädt, Duc d'. See Davout. Auerswald (ou'ers-vält), Alfred von. Born at Marienwerder, Dec. 16, 1797: died at Berlin, July 3, 1870. A Pru ian official and politician, minister of the interior in Camp hausen's cabinet, March 29-June 14, 1848. Auerswald, Hans Adolf Erdmann von. Born Oct. 19, 1792: died Sept. 18, 1848. A Pru ian general, brother of A. von Auerswald. He was killed, with Prince Lich now ski, by rioters at Frankfort. Auerswald, Rudolf von. Born Sept. 1, 1795: died at Berlin, Jan. 15, 1866. A Pru ian official and politician. He was intrusted with the formation of a cabinet, June 10, 1848, on the resignation of Camp hausen, remaining in office till Sept. 10. Auf der Höhe (ouf der he'e). A novel by Berth old Auerbach, published in 1871 (translated into English as "On the Heights"). The scene is laid in southern Germany. Auffenberg (ouf'en-berg), Joseph, Baron von. Born at Freiburg in Breisgau, Aug. 25, 1798: died there, Dec. 25, 1857. A German soldier (in the service of Austria and then of Baden) and dramatic poet. On a journey to Spain, 1832, he was severely wounded by robbers near Valencia, was nursed in the Convent del Cid at Valencia through a long convalescence, and in his will made the convent his heir. He became seneschal of Baden in 1839. Chief works: "Alhambra" (1829-30) and "Das Nordlicht von Kasan." Aufidia gens (a-fid'i-ä jenz). In ancient Rome, a plebeian clan or house whose family names were Lurco and Orestes. The first member of this gens who obtained the consulship was Cn.