Calumet

[Fr. calumet; from Lat. calamus, a reed.] (Mod. Hist.) A large, beautifully adorned pipe used by the North American Indians as the emblem of peace. The first notice of the C. among European writers is to be found in Hernando de Soto's account of his expedition through the Southern provinces in 1470. -The C. of war, of a different make and fashion, is used when proclaiming war. Calumet, in Michigan , a fine town of Houghton co. Here is the richest copper mine in the world. Pop . (1890) 2,192; (1897) about 3,000. Calumet, in Wisconsin , an E. county, bounded W. by Winnebago Lake, drained by the branches of Manitoowoc River, and traversed by a high ridge nearly parallel to the lake; cap . Chilton Centre. -A post-village and township of Fond du Lac co., 12 m. N.E. from the latter; Cal'umick, or Cal'umet, a river rising in La Porte co., Indiana, and flowing westward into Illinois, discharges its waters into Lake Michigan. Calum'niate, v . a . [Lat. calumnior , lengthened form of calvor , to devise tricks and artifices against, to attack with artifices; It. calumniare; Fr. calomnier.] To devise tricks and artifices against; to attack with artifices or false accusations; to defame falsely and maliciously; to slander; to detract from; to accuse falsely; to asperse. "Love, friendship, charity, are subject all To envious and calumniating time." - Shaks. LIBEL. "Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, Thou shalt not escape calumny." - Shaks. Calvados, a maritime dep. of France, so called from a chain of rocks of that name stretching along parts of its coast; bounded N. by the English Channel, E. by the dep. Eure, S. by Orne, and W. by La Manche. Surface, flat. Soil , generally good, producing excellent crops of cereals. Apples are largely cultivated, and cider is the common beverage of the country. The horses of this dep. are reckoned to be the finest in France; and milch cattle, and hogs, are bred in great numbers. Prin. towns. Caen, the capital, Lisieux, Bayeux, Falaise, Honfleur, . Pop . 474,909.