CHARLES I

of Franco, q. v. C. III. (le Gros). See CHARLES II. of France.-C. IV., son of John of Luxembourg, king of Bohemia, s. Louis of Bavaria as emperor of Germany, 1347. The principal event of his reign was the promulgation of the Golden Bull, 1355, which determined both the imperial and the popular rights, and served as the palladium of the German constitution. D. 1378.-C. V., emperor of Germany and king of Spain, B.1500, was the son of the Archduke Philip of Austria by a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, co-sovereigns of Castile and Aragon. This great prince was educated in Flanders, the country of his birth, and was elected emperor in 1519, in succe ion to his grandfather Max i mil i an, and in opposition to the claims of Francis I. of France. The leading events of the reign of C. were: the rise of the Reformation in Germany, and the convention of the Diet of Worms which condemned Luther and his doctrines; a war with France for the recovery of the Milanese, in which C. was ultimately succe ful; the defeat of Francis I. at Pavia, 1525, followed by the treaty of Cambrai, 1529; the coronation of C. by the Pope as king of Lombardy and emperor of the Romans, 1530; the holding of the Diets of Spires and Augsburg, fied by the Pacification of Nuremberg; the expulsion of the invading Moslems from Hungary; the hostilities against the Moors in Africa, 1535, and the consequent capture ofGoletta and Tunis; a second war with France,during which C. ravaged Picardy and Champagne, - followed by a treaty of peace in 1538; the revolt ofGhent, and its sanguinary suppre ion, in the following year; a third, and disastrous, war against France, in conjunction with England, terminated by the treaty of Crespi, 1545; the Confederation of the Protestant princes of [s. 167]