GREGORY

name borne by sixteen popes and one antipope, The most important were the following:— Gregory I., Saint, surnamed the Great (c. 540-604), was b. at Rome; inherited great wealth, which he devoted chiefly to service of Church; became a monk in one of monasteries founded by himself. Elected pope in 590. His Liber Pastoral is was one of the works trans. into Anglo-Saxon by order of Alfred the Great, His name is traditionally a ociated with Greg or i an chants. G. was last Latin Father of Church. Gregory II.; Saint (d. 731); 6. Rome; when deacon accompanied Pope Const an tine to Constantinople as canonist; became pope, 715; sent St. Boniface as mi ionary to Germany; opposed the Gk, emperor’s (Leo III.’s) taxation and Gregory VI. (d. 1047); archpriest of San Giovanni by the Latin Gate, and godfather of the profligate Benedict IX., from whom in innocence bought Papacy, 1045; deposed, 1046, for simony, and exiled to Germany; man of great learning and uprightne , Gregory VII., Hildebrand (c. 1020-85) was the pope who did most to establis ecclesiastical a pea of the Papacy and laid foundations of its tempora power. Before his election as pope 1073, he had directed the policy of th four preceding popes, had managed place their election entirely in han of cardinals, and was in reality the mos prominent and influential man in th Church. With Henry IV., Holy Rom emperor, who took oath of obedien in 1074, and subsequently repudia it, he took a high-handed course; h ed by the emperor and cit Hs oar at Rome, iy municated Henry; and the emperor found it nece ary, in order to avoid Be position, to do penance at Cano a in Italy in 1077, Gregory VIII. (@. 1121), antipope, 1118; banished from Rome in 1121, Gregory VIII. (d. 1187), was pope for short time in 1187; concluded treaty of peace with Emperor Henry VI., and an to make arrangements for a crusade, but died before these were completed. _ Gregory IX, (4, 1241); was elected;, 1227. His pontificate is marked Ag long struggle against Emperor Fred Dispute was afterwards renewed, and emperor again excommunicated in 1239. Frederick then prepared to besiege Rome, and was marching towards the city, _ Gregory X. (1208-76) was member of Visconti family; went on _ crusade; ie pope 1271; reunited Eastern and Western Churches, Gregory XI. (1330-78) was elected to a ep, epecy in 1370; retransferred papal see ‘to Rome in 1397; tried to suppre heresy and to reform religious orders, _ Gregory XIII, (1502-85), was elected pope, 1572; founded Jesuit College at Rome; reformed calendar (g.v.), 1582; strongly opposed heresy; built Greg or i an Chapel at St. Peter's. | Gregory XVI. (1765-1846); was elected pope, 1831; an autocrat, he discouraged lemocracy on principle, but encouraged I earning and research in all directions. | oe GREGORY, AUGUST A, LADY (1853) oF trish author and playwright, born in Roxborough county Galway. She was ‘One of the founders and chief supporter of the Irish National Theatre movement, and was the author of many plays, iome of which were produced. She also published several books of poems and translations,